Industrial Revolution

Which two major ideas are contained in the writings of Karl Marx?

• survival of the fittest and natural selection

• class struggle and revolutionary change

• separation of powers and checks and balances

• monotheism and religious tolerance

Transportation in the 1800s was revolutionized by the development of the

• caravel

• astrolabe

• airplane

• steam engine

A major reason the Industrial Revolution developed in Great Britain in the 1700s was because of Great Britain’s

• geographic features

• immigration policies

• use of collectivization

• access to imported oil

Which phrase best illustrates the theory of laissez-faire capitalism?

• businesses operating with little government regulation

• the state establishing production quotas

• central planning committees setting prices on goods

• decisions related to distribution being based on community traditions

During the Industrial Revolution, which development resulted from the other three?

• Factory conditions affected people’s health.

• Labor unions were formed.

• Unskilled laborers received low wages.

• Machinery replaced workers.

Which statement is supported by the ideas of Karl Marx?

• Private ownership of businesses helps workers.

• Industrialization benefits the wealthy and exploits the poor.

• Countries should benefit from the wealth of their colonies.

• Industrial capitalism allows workers and employers to work together for a common purpose.

A long-term result of the Industrial Revolution in Europe was

• an increase in the number of small farms

• a decline in international trade

• a general rise in the standard of living

• a strengthening of the economic power of the nobility

During the 1800s, reform legislation passed in Great Britain, France, and Germany led to

• formation of zaibatsu, greater equality for men, and establishment of a banking system

• legalizing trade unions, setting minimum wages, and limiting child labor

• government-owned factories, establishment of five-year plans, and limits placed on immigration

• bans on overseas trade, mandatory military service, and universal suffrage for women

. . . The following serious accidents (minor injuries are not reported) were recorded in the Manchester Guardian between June 12th and August 3rd, 1844:

. . .15th June, 1844: A youth from Saddleworth died of dreadful injuries after being caught in a machine.

29th June, 1844: A young man of Greenacres Moor, near Manchester, working in a machine shop, had two ribs broken and suffered from many cuts as a result of falling under a grindstone. . . .

3rd August, 1844: A Dukinfield bobbin turner was caught in a belt and had all his ribs broken. . . . — Friedrich Engels

Friedrich Engels is using these examples to draw attention to the

• efficiency of the factory system

• working conditions in factories

• living conditions in cities

• quality of care in urban hospitals

Adam Smith’s laissez-faire theories are most closely associated with

• the separation of church and state

• minimal government regulation of the economy

• a command economy

• high tariffs to protect domestic businesses