HPE Ch. 3

______________ focuses on the ability to manipulate the sounds to distinguish the larger units of speech, such as sentences, words, and syllables.

• Phonological Awareness

• Phonemic Awareness

• Phonics

• Phoneme Aquisition

______________ focuses on the ability to hear, identify, and manipulate the individual sounds within spoken words.

• Phonological Awareness

• Phonemic Awareness

• Phonics

• Phonemes

When does a person acquire the phonological system (the sounds) of their native language?

• From the day they are born

• From the womb

• Around 3 months after birth

• When they start speaking the first words

Which of these statements is true? When a CLD student acquires an L2 (second language, in this case, English),...

• they only use sounds found in their L1, and never learn the sounds of L2

• they build from their L1 phonological patterns, and do not start from scratch

• they start from scratch, as the sounds of L1 are totally different from those in L2, so they need to learn them all

• they pick up sounds effortlessly and eventually they learn the language

True or False: According to transfer theory (Cummins, 1979), there is linguistic interdependence between two languages. That is, sounds that are the same in L1 and in English, L2, may be more readily acquired, and a student transfers them from L1 to L2 without explicit instruction.

• True

• False

What is a phoneme?

• An individual sound within a spoken word

• Any noise

• A letter

• The letter that only has ONE sound correspondence

How are phonemes classified?

• Consonants and vowels, point of articulation, and mode of articulation

• Words and letters, writing systems, and sounds

• Consonants and letters, vowels and modes of writing

• Depending on the language

Why is it difficult for children to identify phonemes?

• Because children consider words only as a whole, meaning-carrying units

• Because young children do not know how to read and write

• Because children do not know what phonemes are

• Because their native language is very different from English

Why is it important to use phonemic awareness tasks when teaching literacy?

• Because these tasks help students identify which sounds found in English are identical to sounds found in their L1 and can transfer, and which ones are different and have to be learned.

• Because it is the way all children should learn. They all need to recognize all the sounds in English in order to learn how to write it.

• It’s actually not important as long as you are teaching with other methods.

• Because if they don't learn these sounds, they will not be able to transfer any of their language and cognitive skills from L1 to L2

An ESL teacher must learn all the languages of their CLD students in order to successfully implement phonemic awareness tasks.

• True

• False

• It depends on which language the teacher has to learn

• It depends on which language(s) the teacher knows