Biology EOC Prep - Evolution

The diagram below shows a model of species divergence among some primates. If this model is correct, the greatest genetic differences would be found in the DNA sequences of which two species?

• Tarsius bancanus and Cebus albifrons

• Macaca sylvanus and Macaca mulatta

• Hylobates lar and Pongo pygmaeus

• Pan troglodytes and Lemur catta

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

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Genetic variation can aid in the survival of species when the environment changes. Which of the following is the best example of an organism with a genetic variation that could improve survival chances over time? 

• an ant that is resistance to pesticide
• a wasp that is infected with parasites
• a cactus that has no spines
• a mouse that has learned to avoid mousetraps

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NGSS.MS-LS4-4

A harmless scarlet king snake and a venomous eastern coral snake have similar band patterns, as shown below. For the scarlet king snake, the adaptation of having a bandling pattern like the eastern coral snake's is known as mimicry. The outcome of this adaptation in the scarlet king snake is to-

• make it easier for the scarlet king snake to attract prey

• make it easier for the scarlet king snake to interbreed with the other snake

• allow the scarlet king snake to blend in with its environment

• protect the scarlet king snake from predators

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Scientists compare the limbs of organisms to look for evidence of common ancestry. These limbs provide evidence of common ancestry because they -

• perform the same function
• are the same size
• have the same basic structure
• are parts of the same animal

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

The opossum, which is native to North America, and the kangaroo, which is native to Australia, are marsupials. The fact that both these mammals incubate their immature offspring in a pouch provides evidence that they --

• belong to the same species

• must range great distances to eat

• have very similar skeletal structures

• are descended from a common ancestors

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

The cladogram shows the evolution of land plants as indicated by fossil records.

Which discovery would challenge the validity of this cladogram?

• A large aquatic vascular plant about 200 million years old

• A species of algae that has existed for less than one million years

• A moss species that has existed for less than 380 million years

• A fossil of a fern more than 425 million years old

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NGSS.MS-LS4-1

Which condition is essential for natural selection to result in a new species?

• unlimited resources

• an inherited variation

• a static environment

• a long life span

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All the animals to the right of the hagfish would have the common characteristic of:

• fur

• claws or nails

• lungs

• jaws

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

Plants have developed many methods of seed dispersal.  The table below shows seeds of two different plants.
How has the seed dispersal method developed by these plants given them a reproductive advantage?

• The method ensures that offspring will be dispersed and reduces competition for resources.
• The method reduces the chance that herbivores will consume the seeds.
• The method lengthens the life cycle of each of these plants.
• The method reduces the plants’ need for water and other nutrients.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-4

Two populations of mice living in the same forest are separated by a large water-filled ditch.  After a rainstorm, flooding brings several mice from one population to the other population.  When the mice from the first population reproduce with members of the second population, which of the following will likely occur?

• All the offspring will die as a result of reproductive mutations.
• The offspring will be forced to leave the second population.
• The offspring will be genetically identical to their parent from the first population.
• The offspring in the second population will have greater genetic variety.

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