Rocks and Minerals

What are the three main categories of rocks found in the rock cycle?

• intrusive, extrusive, and obtrusive
• organic, inorganic, and man-made
• igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary
• compound, atomic, and neutral

What is the difference between rocks and minerals?

• Rocks are a natural mixture of several kinds of minerals.

• Minerals are organic and rocks are inorganic.

• Rocks form in oceans while minerals form on continents.

• Minerals can be found in the Earth’s crust, but rocks are only found on the surface.

Sedimentary rocks made of pieces of other rocks and minerals that have been moved and redeposited to form new rock are called

• fossils.
• clastic rocks.
• lava.
• gneiss.

Igneous rocks are classified using all of the following characteristics except

• water content.
• crystal size.
• texture.
• composition.

What is the difference between magma and lava?

• Magma is molten rock below ground, while lava is molten rock above ground.
• Magma is foliated, while lava is non-foliated.
• Magma contains rocks and minerals, while lava is only composed of calcite.
• Magma is a sedimentary rock, while lava is a metamorphic rock.

Metamorphic rocks that have parallel layers that look squished or stripey like they have been pressed together or stretched are

• molten.
• smooth.
• undulated.
• foliated.

The process of making rock where particles are “glued” together is called

• deposition.
• erosion.
• weathering.
• lithification.

What are the five mineral criteria? Minerals are:

• cut, polished, valuable, organic, liquids
• natural, inorganic, crystalline, solid, compounds
• gaseous, hard, round, lusterous, gemstones

Which of the following are NOT characteristics geologists used to identify minerals?

• color, luster, and streak
• percent mass and number of elements
• cleavage, fracture, and hardness
• crystal shape and density

Which of the following birthstones is NOT a true mineral and why?

• Garnets are found cut and polished, so they are not naturally occurring.
• Pearls are made by living things, so they are not inorganic.
• Topaz does not have a streak or cleavage, so it is not crystalline.