BACTERIA & VIRUSES

A person with AIDS is likely to develop infectious diseases because the virus that causes AIDS

• destroys cancerous cells
• damages the immune system
  
• increases the rate of antibody production
• increases the rate of microbe destruction

What does invading the host cell enable the virus to do?

• increase its size
• synthesize needed oxygen
• obtain nutrients
• reproduce

When a new viral infection appears in a population, scientists usually try to develop a vaccine against the virus. Which substances would most likely be contained in the new vaccine?

• live bacteria that ingest viruses
• white blood cells from an infected individual
• weakened viruses associated with the infection
• a variety of microbes that will attack the virus

The diagram represents a cycle initiated when a virus (bacteriophage) infects a bacterial cell. Which nutritional relationship exists between the virus and the bacterial cell?

• parasitism
• mutualism
• commensalism
• saprophytism

The substance being transferred into the bacterial cell in B is

• a nucleic acid
• a protein
• an enzyme
• a hormone

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria live on the roots of leguminous plants in swellings called nodules. The bacteria synthesize nitrogen compounds that are used by the plants, and the plants provide moisture and nutrients for the bacteria. The interaction between the nitrogen-fixing bacteria and the leguminous plants is known as

• parasitism
• mutualism
• saprophytism
• commensalism

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Which type of bacteria performs the first step in recycling nitrogen compounds from the bodies of plants and animals?

• nitrogen-fixing bacteria
• bacteria of decay
• nitrifying bacteria
• denitrifying bacteria

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Atmospheric nitrogen can only be used by most living things after it has been

• converted to nitrates with the help of nitrogen-fixing bacteria
• taken in by plants through the lenticels
• converted to ammonia by bacteria of decay
• combined with carbon dioxide to form protein

Nodules on the roots of legumes contain

• nitrogen-fixing bacteria, which help produce nitrates
• denitrifying bacteria, which produce amino acids
• bacteria that release uric acid into the soil
• bacteria that produce protein for absorption by plants

When antibiotics were first developed, most infectious diseases could be controlled by them. Today, certain bacteria are resistant to many antibiotics. One possible explanation for this change is that

• the antibiotics killed most of the bacteria that did not have a genetic variation for resistance
• the bacteria needed to change in order to produce more antibiotics
• some of the bacteria learned how to resist the antibiotics
• antibiotics have become weaker over the years

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