Students with Special Needs

Difficulties in specific cognitive processes(e.g., in perception, language, or memory) that cannot be attributed to such other disabilities as mental retardation, emotional or behavioral disorders, or sensory impairments

• ADHD
• learning disability 
• ADD
• cognitive

Disorder marked by either or both of these characteristics: (a) difficulty focusing and maintaining attention and/or (b) frequent hyperactive and impulsive behavior

• schema
• learning disability 
• Attention-deficithyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
• dissonance

Difficulties in specific cognitive processes(e.g., in perception, language, or memory) that cannot be attributed to such other disabilities as mental retardation, emotional or behavioral disorders, or sensory impairments

• schema
• learning disability 
• cognitive 
• concrete

Impairments in spoken language (e.g.,mispronunciations of certain sounds,stuttering, or abnormal syntactical patterns) or in language comprehension that significantly interfere with classroom performance

• Speech andcommunicationdisorders
• learning disability 
• ADHD
• cognitive

Emotional states and behaviors that are present over a substantial period of time and significantly disrupt academic learning and performance

• Speech andcommunicationdisorders
• learning disability 
• Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
• cognitive

Disorders marked by impaired social cognition, social skills, and social interaction, as well as repetition of certain idiosyncratic behaviors; milder forms (e.g., Asperger syndrome) associated with normal development in other domains,extreme forms associated with delayedcognitive and linguistic development and highly unusual behaviors

• Speech andcommunicationdisorders
• learning disability 
• Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
• Autism Spectrum Disorders

Significantly below-average general intelligence and deficits in adaptivebehavior (i.e., in practical and socialintelligence)

• Speech andcommunicationdisorders
• Mental Retardation
• Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
• Autism Spectrum Disorders

Malfunctions of the eyes or optic nerves that prevent normal vision even with corrective lenses

• Visual Impairment
• Mental Retardation
• Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
• Autism Spectrum Disorders

Malfunctions of the ear or associated nerves that interfere with the perception of sounds within the frequency range of normal speech

• Visual Impairment
• hearing loss
• Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
• Autism Spectrum Disorders

Presence of two or more disabilities, the combination of which requires significant adaptations and highly specialized educational services

• Visual Impairment
• hearting loss
• Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
• Severe and Multiple Disabilities