Periodic Trends

Which of the following pairs has the highest ionization energy?

• Li and Na
• P and S
• N and O
• Fe and Co

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Which of the following elements in the periodic table have the highest first ionization energies?

• transition elements
• alkaline earth metals
• alkali metals
• noble gas elements

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Which of the following elements has the smallest radius?

• Mg
• Al
• Si
• K

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Which of the following atoms or ions is the largest in diameter?

• C
• P
• Te^2-
• Se

Which of the following elements has an electron affinity that is close to zero?

• nitrogen
• phosphorus
• boron
• oxygen

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NGSS.HS-PS1-2

Which of the following sets of elements are arranged in order of INCREASING metallic radii?

• Cs < Ba < La < Hf < Ta
• Al < Si < P < S < Cl
• Be < Mg < Ca < Sr < Ba
• Rb < K < Na < Li < H

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Why do noble gases have the highest first ionization energies?

• The principal quantum number increases left to right across the periodic table.
• The effective nuclear charge is low.
• The electron affinity is zero.
• An electron is harder to remove from a noble gas due to it being tightly bound by the inner nucleus.

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Variation of Ionization with Atomic Number
The picture shows the plot of the variation of the first ionization energy with the atomic number of the periodic elements.  The ionization energies of boron, oxygen, aluminum and sulfur dips because

• the nuclear charge increases with atomic number.
• the ionic radii decreases from B to Al and O to S.
• less energy is required to remove a "p" electron than an "s" electron.
• these elements have stable electron configurations.

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Which periodic group exhibits BOTH high ionization energies and large negative electron affinities?

• alkali metals
• transition elements
• inert gases
• halogens

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Periodic Table of Elements
The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) have recently announced they have added four of the newest elements: Nihonium (Nh-113), Moscovium (Mc-115), Tennessine (Ts-117), Organessum (Og-118). 
In which area of the periodic table do these elements belong?

• The sixth row of the Periodic Table.
• The seventh row of the Periodic Table.
• Actinides group.
• Lanthanides group.