AP Bio Ch 8 Review

Which of the following is an example of potential rather than kinetic energy?

• the flight of an insect foraging for food
• the muscle contractions of a person mowing grass
• water rushing over Niagara Falls
• a molecule of glucose

Which of the following types of reactions would decrease the entropy within a cell?

• digestion
• catabolic reactions
• anabolic reactions
• respiration

Which of the following is a statement of the first law of thermodynamics?

• The entropy of the universe is constant.
• Kinetic energy is stored energy that results from the specific arrangement of matter.
• Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
• The entropy of the universe is decreasing.

Which term most precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones?

• catabolism
• catalysis
• metabolism
• dehydration

A series of enzymes catalyze the reaction X →Y→ Z →A. Product A binds to the enzyme that converts X to Y at a position remote from its active site. This binding decreases the activity of the enzyme. What is substance X? 

• A substrate 
• An allosteric inhibitor 
• The product
• A coenzyme

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

Succinate dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of succinate to fumarate. The reaction is inhibited by malonic acid, which resembles succinate but cannot be acted upon by succinate dehydrogenase. Increasing the ratio of succinate to malonic acid reduces the inhibitory effect of malonic acid. What is malonic acid's role with respect to succinate dehydrogenase?

• It is a competitive inhibitor.
• It is an allosteric regulator.
• It is able to bind to succinate.
• It blocks the binding of fumarate.

Which of the following represents the activation energy needed for the noncatalyzed reverse reaction,  C + D → A + B, in Figure 8.1?

• A
• C
• D
• E

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-4

Assume that the reaction has a ΔG of –5.6 kcal/mol. Which of the following would be true?

• The reaction could be coupled to power an exergonic reaction with a ΔG of +8.8 kcal/mol.
• The reaction could be coupled to power an endergonic reaction with a ΔG of +6.2 kcal/mol.
• The reaction would result in a decrease in entropy ( S) and an increase in the total energy content (H) of the system.
• The reaction would result in an increase in entropy ( S) and a decrease in the total energy content (H) of the system.

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-4

Which of the following statements describes enzyme cooperativity?

• Several substrate molecules can be catalyzed by the same enzyme.
• A substrate binds to an active site and inhibits cooperation between enzymes in a pathway.
• A substrate molecule bound to an active site of one subunit promotes substrate binding to the active site of other subunits.
• A multienzyme complex contains all the enzymes of a metabolic pathway.

Protein kinases are enzymes that transfer the terminal phosphate from ATP to an amino acid residue on the target protein. Many are located on the plasma membrane as integral membrane proteins or peripheral membrane proteins. What purpose may be served by their plasma membrane localization?

• They flip back and forth across the membrane to access target proteins on either side.
• They require phospholipids as a cofactor.
• They can more readily encounter and phosphorylate other membrane proteins.
• Membrane localization lowers the activation energy of the phosphorylation reaction.