Respiratory System

Bony ridges on the lateral walls of the nasal cavity that increase surface area are known as...

• paranasal sinuses

• nasal septa

• conchae

• nostrils

Answer explanation

The bony ridges on the lateral walls of the nasal cavity that increase surface area are called conchae. They help to warm and humidify the air we breathe, distinguishing them from other structures like paranasal sinuses and nasal septa.

Given the following structures:
1. larynx
2. nasal cavity
3. pharynx
4. trachea
Which of the following is the correct order that air would flow during inhalation. 

• 1,2,3,4

• 2,3,1,4

• 2,1,3,4

• 4,2,3,1 

Answer explanation

During inhalation, air first enters the nasal cavity (2), then flows to the pharynx (3), passes through the larynx (1), and finally travels down the trachea (4). Thus, the correct order is 2,3,1,4.

The trachea...

• extends from the nasal cavity to the bronchi

• is lined with cilia

• lies posterior to the esophagus

• is the passageway for food into the stomach

Answer explanation

The trachea is lined with cilia, which help trap and move particles out of the airway. It does not extend from the nasal cavity to the bronchi, lie posterior to the esophagus, or serve as a passageway for food.

Given the following structures:
1. alveoli
2. bronchi
3. bronchioles
Which of the following is the correct order in which air would flow after inhalation? 

• 1,2,3

• 2,1,3

• 2,3,1

• 3,2,1

Answer explanation

Air flows from the bronchi (2) into the smaller bronchioles (3) and finally reaches the alveoli (1) where gas exchange occurs. Thus, the correct order is 2, 3, 1.

The actual gas exchange with the blood occurs in the 

• bronchi

• bronchioles

• alveoli

• ventricles

Answer explanation

The actual gas exchange with the blood occurs in the alveoli, which are tiny air sacs in the lungs. They provide a large surface area for oxygen and carbon dioxide to diffuse between the air and the blood.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS2-5

Surfactant...

• decreases the surface tension of fluid in the alveoli

• increases the energy required to keep the lungs inflated

• makes the lungs tend to collapse

• traps foreign particles that enter the lungs

Answer explanation

Surfactant decreases the surface tension of fluid in the alveoli, which is crucial for lung function. This reduction prevents alveolar collapse and makes breathing easier, unlike the other options which are incorrect.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of human lungs?

• Both right and left lungs are composed of three lobes. 

• Bronchi divide to form bronchioles.

• Capillary supply is abundant to facilitate gas exchange with the blood.

• The alveoli are tiny air sacs arranged in clusters.  

Answer explanation

The correct answer is that both right and left lungs are not composed of three lobes. The right lung has three lobes, while the left lung has only two lobes, making this statement incorrect.

Which body function is made possible by the fibrous bands stretched across the larynx?

• swallowing

• breathing

• diffusion

• speech

Answer explanation

The fibrous bands in the larynx, known as vocal cords, vibrate to produce sound, enabling speech. This function is essential for verbal communication, distinguishing it from other options like swallowing and breathing.

The use of oxygen by the cells to release energy from food is called...

• photosynthesis

• cellular respiration

• diffusion

• osmosis

Answer explanation

The use of oxygen by cells to release energy from food is known as cellular respiration. This process converts glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water, making it essential for cellular function.

The release of energy in the cells for repair, mitosis and maintainance requires...

• oxygen and glucose

• carbon dioxide and water

• oxygen and carbon dioxide

• oxygen and water

Answer explanation

The release of energy in cells for repair, mitosis, and maintenance primarily requires oxygen and glucose. Oxygen is essential for aerobic respiration, while glucose provides the necessary energy substrate.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-6

NGSS.MS-LS1-7