Martin Luther

​Martin Luther and the Reformation

By Ms. Streeter

lesson Objectives

SS.H.1.9-12. Evaluate how historical developments were shaped by time and place as well as broader historical contexts. 

SS.H.10.9-12. Analyze the causes and effects of global conflicts and economic crises.

SS.H.12.9-12. Analyze the geographic and cultural forces that have resulted in conflict and cooperation.

By the end of the lesson SWBAT: identify the cause and effect of Martin Luther’s 95 theses in religion,  write their own theses from an excerpt taken out of their student handbook,  recognize the impact that the 95 theses had on religion and why it was important during this time period
Agenda:
1. Do Now (Wayground vocab)
2. Martin Luther lecture
3. DBQ Activity
4. Exit Ticket (answser questions in Powerpoint)

Open Ended

What does reformation mean to you?

• During the Middle Ages, Popes began to compete with Italian princes for political power

• Fought many wars to protect Papal States against the invasions led by secular (not religious) rulers

• Popes lived lavish lives and were also considered patrons of the arts

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Causes of the Reformation

• Used painters and sculptors to add the decorations in church

• to finance projects= increased fees for services (marriage and baptism)

• clergy also sold indulgences

• Indulgences- pardon that the church claimed would lessen the time of punishment a soul faced for sins committed during a person's lifetime

• In the Middle Ages- only granted for good deeds; by late 1400s- could be bought w/ money or a gift to the church ​

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Causes of Reformation

Multiple Choice

Who were considered patrons of art?

• priest

• Popes

• clergy

• Born in 1483, Martin Luther was a German Monk and a professor of theology

• Originally on track to become a lawyer, he entered the monastery after a violent thunderstorm where he prayed to St. Anne to spare his life

• grew disappointed in the corruption he saw in the church, he took a stand in Wittenberg, Germany.

Martin Luther

• 1517- Johann Tetzel set up outside Wittenberg with permission from the pope to sell indulgences to any christian who gave money to the rebuilding of St. Peter's in Rome

• Tetzel said the purchasing of indulgences would gain them entrance into heaven as well as their dead relatives too

• a devout religious man, Luther was upset because people believed they could purchase their way into heaven

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​95 Theses

• Luther responded by creating the 95 theses and nailed it at the Wittenberg's All Saints Church

• Argued that 95 theses had no basis in the Bible and the pope had no authority to release souls from purgatory (where sinners made amends for sins after death

95 Theses

Effect of the 95 theses

• copies were printed across Europe thanks to the printing press

• The church told Luther to recant/ give up his views but he refused

• 1521- Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther

• Later that year, Pope Charles V summoned Luther to the diet or an assembly, Luther thought he was defending his teachings but was asked to recant again. He refused and was outlawed by the pope

• Rejected several things against the Church doctrine such as "priest and the church having special powers; said they had equal powers access to God and through faith

Effects of 95 Theses

• Luther permitted clergy to marry

• Rejected 5 of the 7 sacraments not mentioned in the Bible

• banned indulgences , confessions , pilgrimages and prayers to saints

• Printing press spread Luther's writings throughout Germany and Scandinavia

• 1530: LutHerEns used new naME protestants because they protested against the Pope

• Some German princes embraced Luther's teachings in a selfish way (throw off Church and Holy Roman emperor/ ways to steal church valuable property)

• Many saw as corruption to Catholic Church

• Some Germans supported Luther because of national loyalty

Result from 95 theses

• 1540s- Charles V tried to force Lutheran princes back to Catholic Church

• in 1555- Peace of Augsburg allowed ea. prince to decide their religion (Catholic or Lutheran

• Northern Germany= Lutheranism

• Southern Germany= Catholicism

​The PEace of Augsburg

Open Ended

What was the significance of the 95 theses?

What is A DBQ?

DBQ= Document Based Questions

• DBQ's can be essay or questions used to anaylze historical documents to form an argument

• This assignment requires that you use critical thinking to hep develop an argument which you will be using to create your own argument

​A.C.E Short Answer Questions

​A: Answer the question in a complete sentence using words from the question.

C: Cite evidence from the text, image, or document that supports your answer


E: Explain how the evidence supports your answer. Elaborate and interpret the facts by drawing a conclusion. Expand on your ideas by commenting on the facts.