H R diagram

Multiple Choice

Why do objects that are closer to us, like the headlights of a car in fog, appear brighter than those farther away?

• Because they emit more light

• Because the light has less distance to travel and is less scattered

• Because our eyes are more sensitive to nearby objects

• Because the air is clearer near us

Fill in the Blank

The apparent brightness of a star is how bright a star appears from ___.

Open Ended

Explain why our sun appears to be the brightest star in the sky, even though it is not the most luminous star in the universe.

Multiple Choice

What is the main difference between apparent brightness and absolute brightness of a star?

• Apparent brightness depends on the distance from Earth, while absolute brightness is the brightness at a standard distance.

• Apparent brightness is always greater than absolute brightness.

• Absolute brightness depends on the star's color, while apparent brightness does not.

• Apparent brightness is measured in parsecs, while absolute brightness is measured in miles.

Multiple Choice

Who created the diagram used to organize star characteristics such as size, temperature, and brightness?

• Ejnar Hertzsprung and Henry Norris Russell

• Albert Einstein and Isaac Newton

• Galileo Galilei and Johannes Kepler

• Carl Sagan and Neil deGrasse Tyson

Multiple Select

Which characteristics are plotted on the axes of an H-R diagram?

• Luminosity (absolute brightness)

• Star temperature

• Star distance from Earth

• Star color

Open Ended

After plotting hundreds of stars on the H-R diagram, what patterns or groupings do you notice?

Multiple Choice

What is the main sequence in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, and how are stars positioned on it?

• The middle section where stars are positioned based on color, luminosity, and temperature

• The top section where only the brightest stars are found

• The bottom section where only the coolest stars are found

• A random section with no specific pattern

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements about main sequence stars is/are correct?

• They fuse hydrogen into helium.

• They are positioned based on color, luminosity, and temperature.

• They are always the brightest stars in the diagram.

• All stars spend the majority of their lives in this section.

Multiple Choice

Humans live their main sequence ( before they start to decline) of their lives until they are about what age?

• 40

• 30

• 21

• 60

Multiple Choice

Explain why stars spend most of their lives in the main sequence section of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram.

• stars in. main sequence fuse are considered black holes

• stars in main sequence fuse helium to hydrogen

• stars in main sequence fuse hydrogen to helium

• stars in main sequence go supernova

Multiple Choice

What color stars are the brightest according to the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram?

• Blue

• Red

• Yellow

• White

Fill in the Blank

The coolest stars are usually ___ in color.

Open Ended

Why do small red stars live longer than large blue stars?

Fill in the Blank

Small red stars are more numerous in space than large blue stars because fusion occurs at a ___ rate in small red stars.

Open Ended

Describe the sequence of events that occur as a star evolves after it leaves the main sequence.

Multiple Choice

Based on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, what happens to a star after it runs out of hydrogen to fuse?

• It leaves the main sequence and becomes a giant or supergiant

• It immediately becomes a white dwarf

• It explodes as a supernova

• It turns into a planet

Multiple Select

Which of the following are characteristics of giant and supergiant stars?

• High luminosity

• Low surface temperature

• Short lifespan

• Located in the main sequence