2025 MCAS Quizziz

Multiple Choice

Scientists think that the marbled crayfish evolved from another type of

crayfish, the slough crayfish. Which of the following best supports the

scientists’ hypothesis that the slough crayfish is an ancestor of the marbled

crayfish?

• Slough crayfish and marbled crayfish have the same number of legs.

• Slough crayfish and marbled crayfish can be found in the same habitats.

• The genome of the slough crayfish is very similar to the genome of the

  marbled crayfish.

• The ecological role of the slough crayfish is very similar to the ecological

  role of the marbled crayfish.

Multiple Choice

A native Madagascar crayfish population may be better able to survive than the marbled crayfish population if a disease were introduced into their habitat. Which of the following best explains why a native Madagascar crayfish

population may be better able to survive if a disease were introduced?

• Native Madagascar crayfish reproduce sexually and have less genetic

  variation.

• Native Madagascar crayfish reproduce sexually and have more genetic

  variation.

• Native Madagascar crayfish reproduce slowly and will be less exposed to

  the disease.

• Native Madagascar crayfish reproduce quickly and will be less exposed to

  the disease

Multiple Choice

The energy needed for cell growth in marbled crayfish is provided by the

• Active transport

• Cellular respiration

• 
  Mitosis

• Transpiration

Multiple Choice

Marbled crayfish live in fresh water. Fresh water has a low concentration of

sodium compared to the concentration inside crayfish cells.

Part A

Which of the following best describes the movement of sodium and water

between a crayfish cell and its freshwater environment?

• Both sodium and water move into the cell.

• Both sodium and water move out of the cell.

• Sodium moves into the cell, and water moves out of the cell.

• Sodium moves out of the cell, and water moves into the cell.

Multiple Choice

Marbled crayfish live in fresh water. Fresh water has a low concentration of

sodium compared to the concentration inside crayfish cells.

Part B

Which of the following describes how cell membranes of crayfish cells help to

maintain homeostasis of the crayfish?

• The cell membranes allow only glucose into the cell.

• The cell membranes allow only certain waste products to leave the cell.

• The cell membranes allow only certain materials into and out of the cell.

• The cell membranes allow only proteins to leave the cell and only oxygen

  to enter the cell.

Multiple Choice

Based on the food web, which of the

following identifies the organisms in

each level of the pyramid?

• 3: snowy owl, arctic fox, stoat, skua

  2: mosses, grasses, shrubs

  1: collared lemming, ptarmiga

• 3: mosses, grasses, shrubs

  2: snowy owl, collared lemming,

  ptarmigan

  1: arctic fox, stoat, skua

• 3: shrubs, ptarmigan, skua

  2: mosses, collared lemming, stoat

  1: grasses, snowy owl, arctic fox

• 3: arctic fox, stoat, skua, snowy owl

  2: collared lemming, ptarmigan

  1: grasses, mosses, shrubs

Multiple Choice

The brown lemming is another type of

lemming that lives in the arctic. Brown

lemmings and collared lemmings are

closely related species. Which of the

following describes how scientists can

best study the differences between these

two species

• Crossbreed the lemming species and

  count the differences observed.

• Determine the genome of each

  lemming species and look for

  differences.

• Give lemmings from each species

  different foods and observe how they

  react.

• Compare the types of plants in the

  habitat of each lemming species and

  record the differences.

Multiple Choice

Scientists studied genetic variation in

collared lemming populations that live

in different locations. Scientists found

that there was less genetic variation than

expected between two of the lemming

populations.

Which of the following most likely

resulted in less genetic variation between

these two populations?

• The plants that the two populations

  ate were similar.

• There was interbreeding between

  the two populations.

• There were frequent genetic

  mutations in each population.

• The two areas where the populations

  lived were similar in size.

Multiple Choice

Based on the food web, which of the

following are competitors in the arctic

tundra?

• mosses and ptarmigans

• shrubs and collared lemmings

• skuas and ptarmigans

• skuas and stoats

Open Ended

The fur color of collard lemmings changes to white at a certain time of year.

Explain ow the change in fur color is an advantage to collard lemmings.

Open Ended

When temperatures rise above freezing, snow melts, which causes changes in the collared

lemmings’ habitat.

Describe two ways warming temperatures could cause the size of the collared lemming

population to decrease.

Open Ended

When temperatures rise above freezing, snow melts, which causes changes in the collared

lemmings’ habitat.

Describe how fur color in the collared lemming population will likely change over time as temperatures increase because of climate change. Explain your answer using the principles

of natural selection.

Multiple Choice

A student claims that the inheritance pattern for kernel coating is

incomplete dominance.

Which of the following pieces of evidence best supports the student’s claim?

• Corn and teosinte share the scientific name Zea mays.

• Early farmers produced corn by selectively breeding teosinte.

• A single gene with two alleles codes for the presence or absence of

  kernel coating in Zea mays.

• The cross between domestic corn and teosinte produced offspring with

  partially formed kernel coatings.

Multiple Choice

Scientists crossed true-breeding corn and true-breeding teosinte to determine whether the plants produce fertile offspring. Which of the following questions was this experiment designed to answer?

• Are corn and teosinte different species?

• Do corn and teosinte both use seeds to reproduce?

• Can corn and teosinte plants grow in similar environments?

• Do corn plants contain more dominant alleles than teosinte plants do?

Multiple Select

Select two types of cells that combine to produce offspring when a corn plant is crossed with a teosinte plant.

• Egg

• Leaf

• Root

• Stem

• Sperm

Multiple Choice

Corn kernels are fertilized seeds that develop into corn plants after they are planted. How does the number of chromosomes in a corn kernel cell compare to the number of chromosomes in the body cell of a corn plant?

• A corn kernel cell has half as many chromosomes as the body cell

  because the kernel is a gamete.

• A corn kernel cell has the same number of chromosomes as the body cell

  because the kernel developed from a zygote

• A corn kernel cell has twice as many chromosomes as the body cell

  because the kernel developed from two corn plants.

• A corn kernel cell has no chromosomes and the body cell has a full set of

  chromosomes because chromosomes are produced as the corn plant grows.

Multiple Choice

Corn kernels are fertilized seeds that develop into corn plants after they are planted. How does the number of chromosomes in a corn kernel cell compare to the number of chromosomes in the body cell of a corn plant?

• A corn kernel cell has half as many chromosomes as the body cell

  because the kernel is a gamete.

• A corn kernel cell has the same number of chromosomes as the body cell

  because the kernel developed from a zygote

• A corn kernel cell has twice as many chromosomes as the body cell

  because the kernel developed from two corn plants.

• A corn kernel cell has no chromosomes and the body cell has a full set of

  chromosomes because chromosomes are produced as the corn plant grows.

Open Ended

Corn plants produce their own food through a chemical process.

Using the chemical symbols below, complete the equation to show the chemical reaction corn plants use to make food. Each chemical symbol may be used once or not at all.

6 ___ + 6 ___ -> ______ + 6 __

Options: CO2, C3H8O3, C6H12O6, H2CO3, H2O, O2

Open Ended

Identify the source that provides energy for the chemical reaction in Part A to occur.

Open Ended

Describe how human cells use the products from the chemical reaction in Part A. Be sure to include the process that occurs at the cellular level

Multiple Choice

People with the CFTR mutation often experience digestive problems, which can result in weight loss. Which of the following most likely occurs as a result of the digestive problems?

• A large amount of sugar enters the bloodstream

• A large amount of oxygen is released to body cells.

• Many nutrients are not absorbed into the bloodstream

• Salt is not absorbed quickly enough by the large intestine.

Multiple Choice

The pedigree shows which family members are affected by the CFTR mutation. For the person labeled 8 to have inherited the condition, the CFTR mutation must have been in the parents’ __

• Brain cells

• Heart cells

• Lung cells

• Sex cells

Multiple Choice

People with the CFTR mutation often experience breathing problems. Which of the following is a direct result of these breathing problems?

• The filtration of toxins by the liver is increased.

• The transport of nutrients in the body is reduced.

• The diffusion of oxygen into the bloodstream is reduced

• The production of carbon dioxide in the body is increased.

Multiple Choice

The CFTR mutation most often occurs when three nucleotides from the gene

sequence are deleted. The DNA sequence without the mutation and the DNA sequence with the mutation are shown.

DNA sequence without mutation: TAG TAG AAA CCA CAA

DNA sequence with mutation: TAG TAA CCA CAA

Which of the following is the mRNA sequence for the DNA sequence without

the mutation?

• ATC ATC TTT GGT GTT

• UAG UAG AAA CCA CAA

• AUC AUC UUU GGU GUU

• UUG UGG UUU CUA CUA

Multiple Choice

The CFTR mutation most often occurs when three nucleotides from the gene

sequence are deleted. The DNA sequence without the mutation and the DNA sequence with the mutation are shown.

DNA sequence without mutation: TAG TAG AAA CCA CAA

DNA sequence with mutation: TAG TAA CCA CAA

Which amino acid is missing in the protein

produced by the CFTR mutation?

• Glu

• Phe

• Ser

• Val

Open Ended

The condition caused by the CFTR mutation is controlled by a single gene with two alleles, D and d.

Based on the pedigree, identify the most likely inheritance pattern

(codominant, dominant, recessive, or sex-linked) for the condition.

Open Ended

The condition caused by the CFTR mutation is controlled by a single gene with two alleles, D and d.

The person labeled 12 in the pedigree has a biological child with a person who is heterozygous for the condition.

What is the probability that the child will inherit the condition? Explain. You should make a Punnett Square.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best compares the amount of CYP1A protein in ducks exposed to oil to the amount in ducks not exposed to oil between 2006 and 2009?

• The ducks exposed to oil had a lower amount of CYP1A protein.

• The ducks exposed to oil had a higher amount of CYP1A protein

• The ducks exposed to oil had the same amount of CYP1A protein

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best compares the amount of CYP1A protein in ducks exposed to oil in 2014 to the amount in ducks exposed to oil in 2006?

• The amount of CYP1A protein in ducks exposed to oil was lower in 2014

  because the amount of oil in the environment decreased

• The amount of CYP1A protein in ducks exposed to oil was higher in 2014

  because the amount of oil in the environment increased.

• The amount of CYP1A protein in ducks exposed to oil was the same

  because the amount of oil in the environment stayed the same.

Multiple Choice

The CYP1A gene codes for the CYP1A protein.

How is mRNA produced from the CYP1A gene?

• The CYP1A gene is replicated into mRNA.

• The CYP1A gene is translated into mRNA

• The CYP1A gene is transcribed into mRNA.

Multiple Choice

How is the CYP1A protein produced from the mRNA?

• The mRNA is replicated to produce the CYP1A protein.

• The mRNA is translated to produce the CYP1A protein

• The mRNA is transcribed to produce the CYP1A protein.

Multiple Choice

During hibernation, how does the energy use of infected bats compare with the energy use of healthy bats?

• Infected bats use less energy than healthy bats because healthy bats

  have more periods of activity

• Infected bats use less energy than healthy bats because healthy bats

  generate ATP to produce body fat.

• Infected bats use more energy than healthy bats because infected bats

  have more periods of activity.

• Infected bats use more energy than healthy bats because infected bats

  generate ATP to produce body fat

Multiple Choice

WNS causes damage to tissue on the wings, ears, and noses of bats. Which of the following processes most directly helps repair this damaged tissue?

• Active transport

• Lipid storage

• Meiosis

• Mitosis

Multiple Choice

Which of the following could explain why a little brown bat population is slow to recover after many bats in the population die during an outbreak of WNS?

• The bats have a low birth rate.

• The emigration rate of the bats decreases.

• The immigration rates of bat predators decrease

• The flying insects that the bats eat have low death rates.

Multiple Choice

According to the food web, little brown bats belong to which of the following trophic levels?

• Producer

• Primary consumer

• Secondary consumer

• Tertiary consumer

Multiple Choice

A decrease in the population size of which of the following organisms would most directly reduce the bats’ ability to survive hibernation?

• Frog

• Moth

• Owl

• Plant

Open Ended

The death rates of bats in North America are very high due to WNS.

Describe how the genetic diversity of North American bats has most likely

changed (increased, decreased, or stayed the same) since 2006. Explain

your reasoning.

Open Ended

In a population of little brown bats infected with WNS, scientists found

some bats that are resistant to WNS. Resistance to WNS may be inherited.

If resistance to WNS is an inherited trait, will the trait increase, decrease,

or stay the same in the population over time? Explain your reasoning

using your knowledge of natural selection.

Multiple Choice

Identical twins develop from a single fertilized egg. Scientists collected data about traits in identical twins. The graph shows the percentage of identical twins that share certain traits.

Based on the graph, which trait is more likely influenced by genetics than the other traits?

• Same height

• Diabetes

• Hypertension

Multiple Choice

Scientists also collected data for certain traits in fraternal twins. Unlike

identical twins, each fraternal twin develops from a different fertilized egg.

The data indicate that approximately 60% of the time, one fraternal twin is the same height as the other fraternal twin.

Which of the following best explains why the percentage of fraternal twins

that are the same height is different from the percentage of identical twins

that are the same height?

• Fraternal twins have access to fewer foods than identical twins

• Fraternal twins are exposed to more infections than identical twins.

• Fraternal twins share fewer genes with each other than identical twins do.

• Fraternal twins share more genes influenced by the environment than

  identical twins do.

Multiple Choice

Phytoplankton are microscopic aquatic organisms that perform

photosynthesis. Phytoplankton support other aquatic organisms by producing

• Carbon dioxide

• Oxygen

• Salt

• Water

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best represents the gametes produced from a diploid cell with genotype Gg?

Multiple Choice

A certain organic molecule always contains a five-carbon sugar connected to

a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. This molecule belongs to which of

the following groups?

• Carbohydrate

• Lipid

• Nucleic acid

• Protein

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a reproductive advantage that bacteria have but

viruses do not?

• Bacteria are able to reproduce by meiosis.

• Bacteria have a nucleus to control reproduction.

• Bacteria can replicate their DNA without a host cell.

• Bacteria have mitochondria to supply energy for cell division.

Multiple Choice

A human gamete typically contains 23 chromosomes. Two human gametes

combine to produce a zygote.

Which of the following is the best evidence that an error occurred during the

formation of one of these gametes?

• The zygote has two copies of chromosome 21.

• The zygote has three copies of chromosome 21.

• The zygote has 23 chromosomes from each gamete.

• The zygote has some of the same chromosomes as the gametes.

Multiple Choice

DDT is an insecticide, a chemical that kills insects. When DDT was first

introduced, it killed most of the mosquitoes that transmit the disease malaria. However, DDT is no longer effective against most mosquitoes.

Which of the following best explains why DDT is no longer effective against

most mosquitoes?

• Genetic mutations caused by DDT gave all exposed mosquitoes resistance.

• Climate change increased the population of mosquitoes that transmit malaria

• Crossing over produced a new species of mosquito with a different number of chromosomes

• Natural selection increased the frequency of the allele for DDT resistance in the mosquito population