Physical and Chemical Properties

What is Matter?

• Matter = anything that takes

up space and has mass
– Matter is either a substance

or a mixture

• Substance - all

particles in matter are
identical (fixed
composition)

• Mixture – two or more

substances physically
combined (variable
composition)

Multiple Choice

Trail mix is a

• Mixture

• Substance

Multiple Choice

Sugar is a

• Substance

• Mixture

Multiple Choice

Concrete is a

• Substance

• Mixture

Multiple Choice

Table salt (NaCl)

• Substance

• Mixture

Two Types of Substances

1. Element: simplest form

of matter from which
more complex
substances are made
(listed on the Periodic
Table)
– All the atoms that make up

an element are alike

– Ex. Helium

Elements – a molecular look

Elements can exist as:
• Like Helium, Argon, and Neon

that are stable as an individual atom

• Like Oxygen, Nitrogen and Hydrogen that are stable as two atoms of themselves bonded together (O_2, N_2, H₂)

Two Types of Substances

2.

Compound: two or more elements chemically combined
in a fixed proportion

– Can be broken down, but only by chemical reactions

– Have properties different elements that make them up

Ex. H2O
(Water)

Ex. C6H12O6

(Sugar)

Ex. NaCl
(Table Salt)

Substances – a molecular look

The difference between an element
and a compound:

Element: just 1 substance; the
simplest form

Ex. Oxygen (O2)

Compound: 2 or more elements
chemically combined Ex- CO₂

Ex. Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Multiple Choice

Mercury is (Hg)

• Element

• Compound

Multiple Choice

Water is (H20)

• Element

• Compound

Multiple Choice

Aluminum is (Al)

• Element

• Compound

Multiple Choice

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

• Element

• Compound

Two Types of Mixtures

1. Homogeneous: components

are evenly distributed out on a
microscopic level

– Solutions (when one substance is dissolved into another) are homogeneous mixtures.

– Usually appears “blended”
– Ex. Bleach, lemonade, coffee

Two Types of Mixtures

2.

Heterogeneous:
substances in the
mixture are not evenly
spread out

– Different components are

easy to see, or separate
out over time

– Ex. Salad dressing,

paint, cereal

Mixtures – a molecular look

The difference between a homogeneous vs. a heterogeneous
mixture:

Homogeneous: even
distribution; “same”

Ex. Salt water

Heterogeneous: uneven
distribution; “different”

Ex. Salad dressing

Multiple Choice

Is Coffee

• Heterogeneous

• Homogeneous

Multiple Choice

Pizza is

• Heterogenous

• Homogenous

Multiple Select

Select all of the compounds in these particle diagrams.

Match

Match the following

element

compound

mixture of 2 elements

mixture of 2 compounds

• element

• compound

• mixture of 2 elements

• mixture of 2 compounds

Match

Match the term with its definition

• a pure substance that consists of one type of atom.

• a pure substance that consists of multiple types of atoms chemically joined.

• contains two or more different substances physically joined together

elment

compound

mixture

• elment

• compound

• mixture

Multiple Choice

What takes up space and has a mass?

• matter

• nothing

• freezing

• boiling

Multiple Choice

What is a single kind of matter that has a specific makeup or composition and specific set of properties?

• matter

• mixture

• pure substance

• physical matter

Multiple Choice

What is made up of two or more substances found in the same place but not chemically combined?

• matter

• mixture

• pure substance

• physical matter

Multiple Choice

What is a substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance?

• chemical

• thermal

• physical

• isotopic

Multiple Choice

What is texture?

• how rough or smooth an object feels. It is a chemical change

• how rough or smooth an object feels. It is a physical change

• how hard or soft an object is. it is a physical change

• how hard or soft an object is. it is a chemical change.

Multiple Choice

What is hardness?

• how rough or smooth an object feels. It is a chemical change

• how rough or smooth an object feels. It is a physical change

• how hard or soft an object is. it is a physical change

• how hard or soft an object is. it is a chemical change.

Multiple Choice

What is malleability?

• ability to bend or mold

• ability to turn

• ability to be pulled or drawn into a wire

• ability to dissolve

Multiple Choice

What is ductility?

• ability to bend or mold

• ability to turn

• ability to be pulled or drawn into a wire

• ability to dissolve

Multiple Choice

What is solubility?

• ability to bend or mold

• ability to turn

• ability to be pulled or drawn into a wire

• ability to dissolve

Multiple Choice

What change alters the for or appearance of matter but not change what it is?

• isotopic

• chemical

• thermal

• physical

Multiple Choice

What are changes in states of matter?

• chemical

• mixtures

• freezing

• physical

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not a physical change?

• breaking a pencil

• crushing a can

• cutting your hair

• combining oxygen and hydrogen to make water

Multiple Choice

What is a change in matter that produces a new substances with different properties from original substances?

• physical

• thermal

• chemical

• timing

Multiple Select

Which two of the following is considered to be a chemical property?

• malleability

• ductile

• flammability

• physical changes

• development of a gas

Multiple Choice

How do we know if a development of gas has occurred?

• bubbles

• dissolved

• rust

• ash