Introduction to the Respiratory System

Basic Structure and Functions of the Respiratory System

Unit 2 Lesson 2.2.4

Lesson Overview

exhalation, inhalation, lower respiratory tract, lungs, respiratory system, upper respiratory tract, ventilation

​Vocabulary

• describe the functions of the respiratory system

• identify the structure of the respiratory system

​Objectives

Respiratory system

​Definition

 is the organ system that helps your body get a continuous supply of oxygen for carrying on important life processes. 

Main organs:
nose, throat, larynx, trachea, and bronchi

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Multiple Choice

What is the sheet of the muscle below the lungs called?

• Trachea

• Diaphragm

• Larynx

• Bronchi

provide the different parts of the body with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from the bloodstream

Gas Exchange

process of breathing, or the exchange of air between the environment and the body.

​Ventilation

Function

Breathing out air

Exhale

Breathing in air

​Inhale

Ventilation

​One cycle of inhalation and exhalation is referred to as a respiratory cycle.

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Multiple Choice

What is the percentage of oxygen in air?

• 28.00%

• 20.95%

• 25.00%

• 30.55%

Gas Exchange

• inhaled air reaches the lungs & the blood from the heart collects oxygen from the inhaled air in the lungs and transports it to the rest of the body

• Blood collects waste from the body's cells in the form of carbon dioxide and transports it to the lungs then, the exhaled air expels carbon dioxide from the body

your nose, which has specialized cells that detect odors from the air you inhale and transmit this information to your brain.

Smell

exhaled air vibrates your vocal cords, a structure in the respiratory system

​Speaking

Other Functions

Multiple Choice

The process of breathing in air is known by what term?

• respiratory cycle

• inhalation

• exhalation

• ventilation

2 parts
Upper
Lower

​

​Structures

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Multiple Choice

Where does the air pass after leaving the pharyx?

• Larynx

• Trachea

• Diaphragm

• Bronchi

Upper Respiratory Tract

Pharynx (throat)

air passes from the nasal cavity through the pharynx into the next part of the respiratory system, the larynx

​Nose & Nasal Cavity

air enters through the nose into the nasal cavity, where it gets warmed, moistened, and filtered

fine hairs called cilia, and a moist inner lining called the mucous membrane.

​Larynx (voice box)

air across the larynx creates ability to speak

air passes through the larynx into the lower respiratory tract

Lower Respiratory Tract

Lungs

pulmo- means  “lung”
where gas exchange occurs
Bronchiole: branches of the bronchi
Alveoli: small balloon like sacs at end of bronchioles
where oxygen & carbon dioxide exchange occurs

​Trachea (windpipe)

extends from the larynx to the lungs. The two bronchi branch from the trachea into each lung and carry air to the lungs.

​Diaphragm
contracts (tightens) and flattens, moving down towards your abdomen. This movement creates a vacuum in your chest, allowing your chest to expand (get bigger) and pull in air.

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Multiple Choice

Where does each bronchi lead to?

• lung

• diaphragm

• trachea

• throat

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Multiple Choice

What is the shape of the diaphragm muscle?

• cylindrical

• circular

• oval

• dome

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