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  5. Environmental Science Unit 1 Chapter 1 Lesson 3
Environmental Science Unit 1 Chapter 1 Lesson 3

Environmental Science Unit 1 Chapter 1 Lesson 3

Assessment

Presentation

•

Science

•

9th - 12th Grade

•

Hard

Created by

Joseph Anderson

FREE Resource

21 Slides • 14 Questions

1

Chapter 3-1: Matter and the Environment

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2

Multiple Choice

Question image

True or False? Humans affect the environment but the environment does NOT affect us.

1

True

2

False

3

Multiple Select

Which of the following are categories of natural resources? (Select all that Apply)

1

Non-renewable

2

Renewable

3

Plant-based

4

Liquid

5

Non-terrestrial

4

Multiple Choice

Which field is objective and based on data?

1

Environmental Science

2

Environmentalism

3

Both Environmentalism and Environmental Science

4

Neither Environmentalism nor Environmental science

5

Multiple Choice

What major entity of the U.S. government has the chief responsibility for overseeing environmental regulations?
1

Environmental Impact Statement

2

Environmental Protection Agency

3

National Park Service

4

Supreme Court

6

Introduction

  • Most environmental issues have chemistry at their core

    • Gases such as CO2, Water Pollution, how different chemicals interact under different situations

  • Chemistry is central to understanding many environmental problems and solutions

    • Some reactions have positive effects and break down harmful products

      • bioremediation: Using organisms that consume or neutralize harmful chemicals to clean pollution

        • Mainly relies on bacteria and fungi

7

The Building Blocks of Chemistry

  • All Material in the universe that has mass and occupies space is called matter

  • Made up of atoms/elements that cannot be broken down into substances with other properties

  • Atoms have two parts

    • A nucleus made up of protons and neutrons

      • Protons have a positive charge

      • The number of protons tells you what atom you are looking at

    • A cloud of electrons surrounding the nucleus

      • Electrons have a negative charge

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8

The Building Blocks of Chemistry

  • In nature, there are 94 elements

    • More can be created in a lab

  • The most abundant elements in living things are

    • carbon

    • nitrogen

    • hydrogen

    • oxygen

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9

Bonding

  • Bonding is the combination of atoms into a more complex substance

    • Occurs due to an attraction between the electrons of atoms

    • Different types of bonds create different types of Compounds

      • Ionic Bonds: One atom takes the electron of another atom

      • Covalent Bonding: atoms come together and share electrons to form a molecule

        • If one atom pulls more than another, the bond is Polar because one side is stronger

10

Molecules and Compounds

  • Molecules are two or more atoms bonded together

    • Can be two of the same atom (H2, O2, etc.)

  • Compounds are substances made up of two or more different atoms

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11

Multiple Choice

What is the basic unit of matter?

1

Compounds

2

Solutions

3

Atoms

4

Macromolecules

12

Multiple Choice

True or False: A Compound is a chemical substance with a given set of properties that cannot be broken down into substances with other properties.

1

True

2

False

13

Multiple Choice

What process uses microorganisms to consume or neutralize pollutants?

1

Recycling

2

Bioconsumption

3

Bioremediation

4

Bioneutralization

14

Organic and Inorganic Compounds

  • Organic compounds: compounds that contain carbon atoms held together by covalent bonds

    • Living things are made of organic compounds and produce organic compounds

    • Carbon has a unique structure that allows it to build millions of different molecules

  • Inorganic compounds: compounds that lack carbon

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15

Hydrocarbons

  • Hydrocarbons: molecules that only contain hydrogen and carbon

    • many are products of burnings and hazardous and cause cancer

      • polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH): can evaporate from oil and gasoline and mix with water

        • Are harmful to marine life

    • Are found in Crude Oil and petroleum products

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16

Mixtures & Solutions

  • A mixture is a combination of elements, molecules, or compounds that are not bonded chemically.

  • Solutions are mixtures in which all ingredients are equally distributed and can not be clearly separated

    • Can be solids, liquids, or gases.

    • The atmosphere is a solution of many types of gases

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17

Multiple Select

Select all the substances that always contain carbon.

1

Organic Molecules

2

Hydrocarbons

3

Inorganic Molecules

4

Solutions

18

Dropdown

Hydrocarbons contain only carbon and​

19

Multiple Choice

Which element has a unique structure that allows it to make millions of different molecules necessary for life?

1

Hydrogen

2

Oxygen

3

Carbon

4

Nitrogen

5

Helium

20

Polymers

  • Polymers: long chains of repeated molecules

    • can be both natural or synthetic

      • Rubber, nylon, epoxy

    • Three polymers are essential to life

      • Proteins

      • Nucleic Acids

      • Carbohydrates

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21

Macromolecules

  • Macromolecules: Large Molecules essential to life

    • Proteins,

    • Nucleic Acids,

    • Carbohydrates

    • Lipids

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22

Proteins

  • Polymers that serve many functions in organisms

  • Organic compounds are made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur

  • help produce tissues, provide support, act as hormones, are enzymes

    • Hormones: Chemical messengers within an organism

    • Enzymes: molecules that speed up chemical reactions

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23

Nucleic Acids

  • Macromolecules that direct protein production

    • DNA: carries genetic information

      • Double Stranded

    • RNA: copies of DNA segments that make proteins

      • Single Stranded

  • Long chains of nucleotides

    • have a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

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24

Carbohydrates

  • Polymers that consits of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

    • Has a base formula of CxH2xOx

    • Example: Glucose

  • Used as and energy source for living organisms

  • can form support structures that support the bodies of organisms

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25

Lipids

  • A chemically diverse group of macromolecules that do not dissolve in water

    • Made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sometimes phosphorous

  • Can store energy

  • Makeup cell membranes

  • Make up biological structures

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26

Multiple Select

Select all the macromolecules

1

Lipids

2

Polymers

3

Carbohydrates

4

Nucleic Acids

5

Proteins

27

Match

Match the following macromolecules to their descriptions

Lipids

Carbohydrates

Nucleic Acids

Proteins

Do not Dissolve in water, store energy

Used as an energy source for organisms

Direct Protein Production

Help produce tissues and provide support

28

Water

  • Every organism relies on water for life

  • Made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom

    • Oxygen pulls on electrons and makes it a polar molecule

  • Water molecules experience hydrogen bonding, and are slightly attracted to one another

  • Unique properties important to supporting life and stabilizing the climate

    • cohesion

    • Resistance to temperature change

    • Ice Density

    • Universal slovent

29

Cohesion

  • The ability of water to stick to itself

    • caused by Hydrogen Bonding

  • Allows for transport of materials in plants and animals

  • Gives water Surface Tension

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30

Resistance to Temperature Change

  • Hydrogen bonds allow water to absorb more energy before breaking the molecule

    • Energy = heat

  • It takes a large amount of heat to change the temperature of the water

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31

Ice Density

  • Ice is less dense than water

    • opposite of most compounds that become denser as they freeze

  • As ice floats, it insulates the body of water underneath and prevents it from freezing

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32

Universal Solvent

  • Water molecules bond with other polar molecules

  • Allow it to dissolve many other molecules that are essential for life

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33

Acids, Bases, & pH

  • In water solutions, some molecules separate into charged atoms called ions

    • Hydrogen Ion: H+

    • Hydroxide Ion: OH-

  • The amount of each ion in a solution can determine the acidity of the water

    • more hydrogen ions=acidic

    • more hydroxide ions= basic

    • Equal amounts of both ions=neutral

  • pH is measured on a scale of 1-14

    • 1-6 is acidic

    • 7 is neutral

    • 8-14 is basic

34

Multiple Choice

This property of water is why people prefer living near large bodies of water in extreme temperatures.

1

Cohesion

2

Universal Solvent

3

Ice Density

4

Resistance to Temperature Change

35

Open Ended

A student says that biology is more important than chemistry for understanding Environmental Science. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Explain your answer in a paragraph.

Chapter 3-1: Matter and the Environment

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