Origin of Life and Evolution Overview

Origin of life

​What you need to know

• The different theory that explains how life started on Earth

• How scientific knowledge played a part in early theories and laws

The supposed production of living organisms from nonliving matter.

​Spontaneous generation

Life only comes from other life.

​

Biogenesis

life on the earth originated from microorganisms or chemical precursors of life present in outer space

Panspermia

The Earth's atmosphere help in the creation of organic molecules in concentrated area

​

​Primordial Soup

life on Earth originated at deep-sea hydrothermal vents

​

​Hydrothermal Vent Theory

Multiple Choice

What theory explains that life comes from non-living things?

• Spontaneous Generation

• Biogenesis

• Primordial Soup

• Panspermia

Multiple Choice

An experiment was conducted to disprove the Spontaneous generation. Which jar represents the control?

• The Open Jar

• The Gaze-covered jar

• The Sealed Jar

Multiple Choice

Which theory takes into account the formation of organic molecules in concentrated area?

• Spontaneous Generation

• Hydrothermal Vent theory

• Primordial Soup

• Biogenesis

Early Earth's conditions were created in a lab.

The macromolecules of life were created based on these early conditions

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​Miller-Urey Experiment

​The building block of Life​

Macromolecules (Organic)

​Endosymbiosis

Multiple Choice

True or False: the first type of cell is a Eukaryotic cell

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

True or False: Oxygen was present in the Earth's Earliest Beginning

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

What is one of the main characteristics of scientific knowledge?

• It can not be changed

• It is based on personal opinions

• It is based on assumption

• It is based on empirical evidence.

Multiple Choice

How did the Miller-Urey experiment contribute to our understanding of the origin of life?

• 
  It demonstrated that life originated from a single-celled organism

• It proved that life originated from outer space

• It demonstrated that the building blocks of life could have formed spontaneously on early Earth.

• 
  It showed that life could only have originated through divine intervention

Multiple Choice

What is the importance of peer review in science?

• It ensures that scientific work is free from errors and biases

• It is only necessary for controversial topics

• It allows scientists to publish without scrutiny.

• 
  It is a formality with no real impact.

Multiple Choice

What are the atoms that are found in all macromolecules

• Carbon, Sodium and Oxygen

• Carbon and Oxygen

• Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen

• Carbon, Nitrogen and Oxygen

Multiple Choice

What distinguish a prokaryotic cell from a eukaryotic cell?

• The prokaryotic cell has a nucleus whereas the eukaryotic cell does not

• The eukaryotic cell has a nucleus whereas the prokaryotic cell does not

• The prokaryotic cell contains DNA whereas the eukaryotic cell does not

• The eukaryotic cell contains DNA whereas the prokaryotic cell does not

Multiple Choice

What process is shown within this diagram?

• Spontaneous Generation

• Biogenesis

• Primordial Soup

• Endosymbiosis

Multiple Choice

Theory of Endosymbiosis explains...

• The process of photosynthesis in plants.
• The role of mitochondria in cellular respiration.
• The evolution of prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells.
• The origin of eukaryotic cells from symbiotic relationships between prokaryotes.

-The Skull increases in size
-The Brain increases in size
-Language is developed
-Tools are developed
-Jaw size decreases in size

Evolution of skulls

​Animals physiology changes due to the adaptation to their environment.

​​Adaptive Radiation

Distant living organisms dadapt to each other for survival.

​​Coevolution

​Same structure, Different functions!

​​Homologous structure

Different structure, same functions

Analogous structure

​Embryos with similar features share a common ancestor

​​Comparative Embryology

Body parts that have lose their functions overtime

​Vestigial Structures

​How species are distributed across the earth.

​​Biogeography

Species that have similar DNA share a common ancestor.

​​Molecular Evidence

Multiple Choice

The fact that homologous structures are similar can explain that they...

• are structures that develop in response to environmental changes.
• are structures that are identical in all species.
• are structures that perform the same function in different species.
• are structures that share a common ancestry in different species.

Multiple Choice

What would be an example of an analogous structure?

• Fins of fish and fins of whales
• Leaves of trees and leaves of shrubs
• Wings of bats and wings of insects
• Legs of dogs and legs of cats

Multiple Choice

What would be the difference between vestigial structures and biogeography?

• Vestigial structures are only found in mammals, while biogeography studies only plant species.
• Vestigial structures relate to evolutionary remnants, while biogeography studies species distribution.
• Vestigial structures are fully functional organs, whereas biogeography examines fossil records.
• Vestigial structures are adaptations to environments, while biogeography focuses on genetic similarities.

Multiple Choice

The picture shows the actual results of aligning and comparing the protein sequences. Which species is closely related to the beetle?

• Human

• Panda

• Tortoise

• Y

Multiple Choice

Two closely related organisms would have

• no genetic similarity at all
• a low degree of genetic similarity
• a high degree of genetic similarity
• completely different DNA sequences

Multiple Choice

The human skull overtime...

• The human skull remains unchanged throughout life.
• The human skull grows larger but does not change shape.
• The human skull changes in size, shape, and density over time.

Multiple Choice

What led to the decrease in jaw size overtime?

• Environmental factors had no impact on jaw size.
• Use of language which led to the invention of tools led to decrease in jaw size over time.

• Increased physical activity led to larger jaw size.
• Genetic mutations caused a sudden increase in jaw size.