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Physics S1 Final Exam Review

Physics S1 Final Exam Review

Assessment

Presentation

Science

12th Grade

Practice Problem

Hard

NGSS
K-ESS3-1, K-ESS2-1, K-ESS3-3

+4

Standards-aligned

Created by

Cathleen Eckholm

Used 1+ times

FREE Resource

13 Slides • 0 Questions

1

Physics Final Exam Review S1

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Quantities that have a MAGNITUDE & DIRECTION.
ex. acceleration, displacement, velocity, momentum, force

Vector

Quantities that have a MAGNITUDE ONLY!
ex. speed, distance, time, temperature

Scalar

Scalar vs. Vector Quantities

3

Slope is acceleration (m/s/s)





Constant Constant
Acceleration Speed

Velocity-Time Graph

Slope is velocity (m/s)





Constant Not
Velocity Moving

Position-Time Graph

Position & Velocity-Time Graphs

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1D Motion--movement on one place either x or y axis, but NOT both

a=(vi-vf)/t
a=accleration (m/s/s)
vi=initial velocity (m/s)
vf=final velocity (m/s)
t=time

Acceleration Equation

v = d/t
v=velocity (m/s)
d=distance/displacement (m)
t=time (s)

Velocity Equation

5

Free Fall & Projectile Motion

Important reminders

  • Gravity is ALWAYS -9.8m/s/s (downward). We often use 10 m/s/s to make the calculations easier. Remember that the negative sign indicates the direction of DOWN.

  • When air resistance is not a factor, materials with different masses will land on the ground at the SAME time.

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Important Reminders about 2D motion

  • 2D motion is motion in both x AND y directions.

  • X and Y components are INDEPENDENT of each other!

  • Horizontal velocity--is CONSTANT

  • Vertical velocity--changes as it is affected by gravity (decreases as it approaches top of parabola, and decreases as it moves away from the top)

  • Vertical acceleration--is CONSTANT (-9.8 m/s/s or -10 m/s/s)

  • Horizontal acceleration--DOES NOT EXIST without an outside force

7

dx = vxt
dx=range (m)
vx=horizontal velocity (m/s)
t=time (s)

Horizontal Motion

dy = 1/2gt2
dy=height (m)
g=gravity (10 m/s/s or 9.8 m/s/s)
t=time (s)

Vertical Motion

2D Motion Equations---TIME IS THE ONLY variable that is the same in both directions!

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Newton's Laws

  • 1st law: Objects at rest will stay at rest and objects in motion will move at a constant velocity when there is no next force.

  • 2nd law: the greater the mass the more force is needed to accelerate it. (F=ma F=force (N), m=mass (kg) & a=acceleration (m/s/s) or Fw=mg; F=force (N), m=mass (kg) & g=gravity (m/s/s)).

  • 3rd law: Every action force there is an reaction force that is equal and in opposite directions.

9

Fg=Gm1m2/d2
Fg = universal gravitation force
G=universal gravitation constant
m1=mass of 1st object (kg)
m2=mass of 2nd object (kg)
d=distance between objects (m)

**Remember to use the power of 1s

Universal Gravitation

ac = v2/r
ac=centripetal acceleration (m/s/s)
v=velocity (m/s)
r=radius (m)

circular motion equation

Circular motion & universal gravitation

10

Momentum, Collisions & Impulse

P=mv
I=Ft
I=pf-pi=Δp
I=m(vi-vf)=mΔv
Ft = mΔv
m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1 +m2v2
m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m2)vf

  • p=momentum (kg*m/s)

  • I=impulse (N*s)

  • F=Force (N)

  • t=time (s)

  • v=velocity (m/s)

  • vi=initial velocity (m/s)

  • vf=final velocity (m/s)

  • m=mass (kg)

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Key reminders about momentum

  • Momentum is a VECTOR quantity and requires a direction.

  • Momentum is conserved in a closed system

  • The purpose of an AIR BAG is to INCREASE the time of impact!

  • 2 types of collisions--elastic and inelastic

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W=work (J)
F=force (N)
d=displacement (m)
P=power (Watts)
t=time (s)
KE=kinetic energy (J)
PE=potential energy (J)
m=mass (kg)
g=gravity (9.8 or 10 m/s/s)
v=velocity (m/s)
h=height (m)




W = Fd
PE =mgh
P = W/t
KE = 1/2mv2
PE + KE = Total ME

Work, Power, & Energy

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Key Reminders about Energy

  • Energy cannot be created or destroyed.

  • PE is the energy of displacement

  • KE is the energy of motion

  • No work done on something that does not move

  • Work is only done when the applied for is perpendicular to the direction of movement

Physics Final Exam Review S1

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