Biochem Day 3: Lipids

EQ: How do Lipids Function?

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a monosaccharide?

• Starch

• Lactose

• Cellulose

• Glucose

Multiple Choice

What is the main function of carbohydrates in organisms?

• Provide energy

• Store genetic information

• Build muscle

• Transport oxygen

Multiple Choice

In order for complex carbohydrates to be broken down into simpler forms:

• Water must be added. This process is called hydrolysis.

• Water must be removed. This process is called hydrolysis.

• Water must be added. This process is called dehydration synthesis.

• Water must be removed. This process is called dehydration synthesis.

Multiple Choice

What is the main storage form of carbohydrates in animals?

• Starch

• Cellulose

• Glycogen

• Chitin

Multiple Select

Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates in plants? (Select two):

• Build proteins

• Store genetic information

• Provide structural support

• Transport oxygen

• Provide and store energy

Multiple Choice

What type of structure is the image?

• Fatty acid

• disaccharide

• monosaccharide

• polysaccharide

Multiple Choice

What is the correct term for the molecules in the picture?

• monosaccharide

• polysaccharide

• disaccharide

• diplosaccharide

Match

Match the following

• Polar

• Nonpolar

• Hydrophobic

• Hydrophillic

Uneven sharing of electrons

Even sharing of electrons

Water fearing, tends to be nonpolar

Water loving, tends to be polar

• Uneven sharing of electrons

• Even sharing of electrons

• Water fearing, tends to be nonpolar

• Water loving, tends to be polar

Notes: What is a lipid?

Lipids are large, NONPOLAR (Recall: even sharing of electrons) organic Molecules that DO NOT dissolve in water (Hydrophobic). Lipid molecules have a higher ratio of hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms than carbohydrates. Lipids store energy efficiently. They have large numbers of carbon-hydrogen bonds (hydrocarbons) which store more energy than carbon-oxygen bonds (which are more common in other organic compounds).

​Carbohydrates

​Lipid

Notes: What is a lipid?

Subunit: 3 Fatty Acids & A GLYCEROL!!!!!














Uses: LONGTERM ENERGY, CELL MEMBRANES in ALL LIVING ORGANISMS, INSULATION, CUSHIONING, WATERPROOFING, CHOLESTEROL, STEROIDS

Notes: How can an acid be fat?

Fatty Acids are unbalanced carbon chains that make up most lipids. The two ends (head and tail) of a fatty have acid molecule have different properties
Draw the Structure of a Fatty Acid in your notes:

​Head

​Tail

Multiple Select

Based on the previous slides, select all that can be found in all lipids

• Carbon

• Hydrogen

• Oxygen

• Nitrogen

Notes: What are the properties of the 2 ends?

The Carboxyl End ( HEAD) of the fatty acid molecule is POLAR and attracted to water molecules. It is said to be Hydrophillic which means water loving.

The Hydrocarbon End ( TAIL) of the fatty acid is NONPOLAR and tends NOT TO interact with water. It is said to be Hydrophobic or “Water- Fearing”

Notes: What do Saturated and Unsaturated mean?

Saturated fatty acids contain only single bonds between carbon atoms. All of carbon’s bonds are filled with hydrogen atoms.
Saturated fats are usually solid at room temperature and most come from animal products. Saturated fats raise your “bad” cholesterol levels in the blood and can lead to heart disease.
Foods with saturated fats: Meats, Milk Products, Processed Foods

​Draw the structure in your notes

Notes: What do Saturated and Unsaturated mean?

Unsaturated fatty acids contain one or more DOUBLE bonds between the carbon atoms this causes a kink in the tail which prevents solidification. Unsaturated fats are usually liquid at room temperature and are referred to as oils. Unsaturated fats do not raise “bad” cholesterol and are beneficial in moderation Foods with unsaturated fats: Olive, canola, and most vegetable oils, nuts, & fish (omega 3 fatty acids have been associated with decreased risk of heart disease and preventing memory loss with old age)

​Draw the structure in your notes

Match

Match the following

• The hydrophillic side of a fatty acid

• The hydrophobic side of a fatty acid

• Carboxyl group on a fatty acid is located on the

• Hydrocarbon chain on a fatty acid is located on the

Carboxyl group

Hydrocarbon chain

Head

tail

• Carboxyl group

• Hydrocarbon chain

• Head

• tail

Multiple Choice

A "kinky structure" due to the double bonds between carbon atoms creates a lipid that is liquid at room temperature. What do we call it?

• saturated fat
• wax
• steroid
• unsaturated fat

Labelling

Label the structures correctly

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Unsaturated Fatty Acid

Saturated Fatty Acid

Multiple Choice

What do you think an unsaturated fat with more than 1 double bond is called?

• Monounsaturated fat

• unsaturated fat

• polyunsaturated fat

• a saturated unsaturated fat

Notes: Can we solidify unsaturated fats?

Yes, Trans Fat is formed when liquid oils are changed into solid fats by adding hydrogen- a process known as HYDROGENATION.

Some Foods with trans fats: Vegetable shortening, margarine, crackers, cookies, deep fried foods, and snack foods. The process keeps foods from spoiling quickly.

Trans Fats can raise LDL ( bad cholesterol) & lower HDL ( good cholesterol). This process forces unsaturated fats into saturated fats. It arranges the fats in a way that prevents our body (enzymes) from breaking it down.

Notes: What fatty acids are important to living things?

There are four we need to know about.

Three contain fatty acids: Triglycerides, phospholipids, & waxes
1. Triglycerides are Composed of 3 molecules of fatty acids joined to 1 molecule of Glycerol (an alcohol)
2. Phospholipids- Have TWO fatty acids joined by a molecule of glycerol. The Cell Membrane is composed of a phospholipid (Phospho=Phosphate, Lipid=lipid) called a Lipid Bilayer (Lipid=fat, Bi=2, Layer=layer) and forms a barrier between the inside and outside of the cell

Notes: What fatty acids are important to living things?

3. Wax- Consists of a long fatty acid chain joined to a long alcohol chain. Waxes are highly waterproof. In plants and animals they provide protective coatings. Earwax prevents microorganisms from entering the middle ear

4.Steroids are composed of four carbon rings with various functional groups attached to them, not fatty acids. Steroids make many human hormones, like Cholesterol, which is needed by the body for nerve cells and other cells to function normally. Cholesterol is a component of cell membranes. Cortisol (a fat-soluble hormone) is also a steroid. Vitamins A, E, D, & K are fat soluble. Fats are needed to make these hormones

Notes: What about man-made steroids?

Anabolic Steroids are man-made artificial hormones to improve physical performance. There are numerous Side Effects:

• Liver Tumors

• Fluid Retention

• Kidney Tumors

• Cancer

• High Blood Pressure

• Severe Acne

• Jaundice

• Heart Disease

• Trembling

• Growth Halted

• Shrinking Testicles (males) Growth Facial Hair (females)

​Copy and fill out table in your notes

​EXIT TICKET: Answer all 7 questions on the whiteboards