4 Employment Trends/Issues

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a reason for the decline of unions?

• Employers make a determined effort to keep unions out

• Increased loyalty to organized labor

• Decrease in part-time jobs

• Lower union wages compared to nonunion wages

Multiple Choice

What is one of the consequences of union success?

• Union wages are lower than nonunion wages

• Union products become more expensive

• Consumers buy more union products

• More people work full-time jobs

Multiple Choice

How has the increase in part-time jobs affected unions?

• It has increased union membership

• It has decreased the number of full-time jobs

• It has contributed to the decline of unions

• It has made union products cheaper

Multiple Choice

What is a two-tier wage system?

• A system where all workers receive the same wage

• A system where newer workers are paid a lower wage than those already on the job

• A system where wages are based on performance

• A system where wages are increased annually

Drag and Drop

Why have union wages been under pressure to come down?

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Due to increased productivity

Due to economic downturns

Due to competition from nonunion workers

Due to technological advancements

Dropdown

What percentage of the wage gap is due to uneven distribution of men and women among various occupations?

Select answer

Drag and Drop

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor contributing to lower pay for women?

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Human capital differences

Gender and occupation

Differences in the skills and experience

Differences in education levels

Multiple Choice

What is the current federal minimum wage in the United States as of 2009 to present?

• $5.15

• $6.55

• $7.25

• $8.75

Multiple Choice

What do supporters of the minimum wage argue?

• It is too high and should be reduced.

• It is consistent with US economic goals of equity and security.

• It should be abolished entirely.

• It discriminates against young people.

Multiple Choice

What is one of the main arguments of opponents of the minimum wage?

• It promotes economic freedom.

• It is too low and should be increased.

• It is discriminatory against young people.

• It helps reduce poverty.

Multiple Choice

What is a "Living Wage" as set by some cities?

• The maximum income a worker can earn

• The minimum income necessary for a worker to meet their basic needs

• The average income of all workers in a city

• The income required to live luxuriously

Multiple Choice

What are current dollars?

• Dollar amounts or prices that are adjusted for inflation

• Dollar amounts or prices that are not adjusted for inflation

• Dollar amounts or prices that are adjusted for deflation

• Dollar amounts or prices that are not adjusted for deflation

Drag and Drop

Why do economists use real or constant dollars?

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To compensate for deflation

To compensate for inflation

To compare different currencies

To measure economic growth

Multiple Choice

What are real or constant dollars?

• Dollar amounts or prices that have been adjusted for inflation

• Dollar amounts or prices that have not been adjusted for inflation

• Dollar amounts or prices that have been adjusted for deflation

• Dollar amounts or prices that have not been adjusted for deflation

Multiple Choice

What is a base year?

• A year serving as a point of comparison for other years in a price index or other statistical measure

• A year serving as a point of comparison for other years in a deflation index

• A year serving as a point of comparison for other years in a growth index

• A year serving as a point of comparison for other years in a currency index

Dropdown

What happens to the purchasing power of minimum wage when wage increases faster than inflation?

Select answer

Drag and Drop

What happens to the purchasing power of minimum wage when inflation increases faster than minimum wage?

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It increases

It remains the same

It decreases

It fluctuates

Multiple Choice

What was the purchasing power of the U.S. dollar in 1913 compared to 2020?

• A) $1 in 1913 had the same buying power as $1 in 2020.

• B) $1 in 1913 had the same buying power as $10 in 2020.

• C) $1 in 1913 had the same buying power as $26 in 2020.

• D) $1 in 1913 had the same buying power as $50 in 2020.

Open Ended

How has the purchasing power of the US Dollar changed over the past fifty years?