Past Participles of adjectives

Past Participles

USED AS ADJECTIVES

​In Level 1 & 2 you learned about:
PRESENT PARTICIPLES (-ing equivalent)

​

estudiar = estudiando.
Present Progressive> estoy estudiando =
I am studying

​

(-ando / -iendo / -yendo ending verbs
used after ESTAR in the present progressive tense)

​Both Spanish & English have PAST PARTICIPLES.

English past participles often end in -ed
to turn= turned

But many are also irregular
to buy= bought
to drive= driven

​In Spanish,

Regular -ar verbs form the past participle with:
-ado

​INFINITIVE

STEM

​PAST
PARTICIPLE

​Bailar

​Bail-

​Bailado

​In Spanish,

Regular -er & -ir verbs form the past participle with:
-ido

​INFINITIVE

STEM

​PAST
PARTICIPLE

​Comer

​Com-

​Comido

​Vivir

​Viv-

​Vivido

​The past participles of -er & -ir verbs whose stems end in -a, -e, or -o carry a WRITTEN ACCENT on the "i" of the -ido ending!!!

​caer	caído​	reír​	reído​
creer​	creído​	sonreír​	​sonreído
​leer	​leído	​traer	​traído
​oír	​oído	​	​

​

​

​Irregular Past Participles

​abrir	​abierto	​morir	​muerto
decir​	dicho​	poner​	puesto​
describir​	descrito​	resolver​	resuelto​
​descubrir	descubierto​	romper​	roto​
escribir​	escrito​	ver​	visto​
hacer​	hecho​	volver​	vuelto​

​In Spanish, as in English, past participles can be used as adjectives.

​They are often used with ESTAR to describe a CONDITION or STATE that results from an ACTION.

​Remember the Acronym PLACE!

​Like other Spanish adjectives, they must agree in gender and number with the nouns they modify.

​Ejemplos:

​Los poemas ya están escritos.

​The poems are already written.

​La mesa está puesta y la cena está hecha.

​The table is set and dinner is made.