DNA and RNA

DNA and RNA

Today's Goals

1. Learn about how RNA is similar to and different from DNA.

2. Learn about the three types of RNA.

3. Connect these two nucleic acids to the concept of protein synthesis.

How is RNA similar to DNA?

BOTH are made of chains of nucleotides.
BOTH are nucleic acids.
BOTH have the bases adenine, guanine, and cytosine.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a shared characteristic of DNA and RNA?

• They both have a five carbon sugar.

• They both have the same monomer.

• They both are made of amino acids.

• They both have adenine, guanine, and cytosine.

How are DNA and RNA different?

We'll start by just looking at how they are structurally different.

Use the next slide to fill in your notebook tabs.

Multiple Choice

Which nucleic acid has uracil?

• DNA

• RNA

Multiple Choice

Which nucleic acid has two strands of nucleotides?

• DNA

• RNA

Multiple Choice

Which nucleic acid contains the sugar ribose?

• DNA

• RNA

Types of RNA

There are three types of RNA.

Each has it's own structure and function that we can use to identify it. Use the next slides to fill in your table.

mRNA is a copy of a single segment of DNA. It's made in the nucleus, then travels to the cytoplasm and joins up with the ribosome.

Function

Structure

Messenger RNA

​mRNA has a single strand of nucleotides.

rRNA makes up the two pieces of the ribosome, where proteins are assembled in the cell.

Function

Structure

Ribosomal RNA

​rRNA has multiple strands that can form loops by base pair bonding.

tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome to become part of the new protein.

Function

Structure

Transfer RNA

tRNA has three loops of RNA with a specific binding site to match mRNA.

Multiple Choice

Which type of RNA makes up a cell organelle?

• mRNA

• rRNA

• tRNA

Multiple Choice

Which type of RNA moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm?

• mRNA

• rRNA

• tRNA

Multiple Choice

Which type of RNA is a copy of a gene?

• mRNA

• rRNA

• tRNA

Multiple Choice

Which type of RNA is transports amino acids to the ribosome?

• mRNA

• rRNA

• tRNA

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