DNA, chromosomes, and genes

DNA, chromosomes, and genes

Please read the information on the slides and then answer the questions

Multiple Choice

DNA is short for

• Ribonucleic acid

• Deoxyribonucleic acid

• Nucleic acid

Multiple Choice

DNA is inside your cells. What part of the cell is the DNA inside of?

• cell membrane
• cytoplasm
• nucleus

Multiple Choice

DNA is short for

• Ribonucleic acid

• Deoxyribonucleic acid

• Nucleic acid

Multiple Choice

How many pairs of chromosomes do human cells contain?

• 23

• 46

• 16

• 32

Multiple Choice

Which sentence is FALSE?

• All organisms have 23 pairs of DNA.
• Chromosomes are made of genes.
• DNA is made out of 4 chemicals: adenine, cytosine, thymine, guanine
• DNA is the recipe for life.

Multiple Choice

Where is DNA found in a human cell?

• ribosome

• nucleus

• cell membrane

• cytoplasm

Multiple Choice

How many pairs of chromosomes do human cells contain?

• 23

• 46

• 16

• 32

Multiple Choice

What is a short segment of a DNA strand that codes for our characteristics?

• chromosome

• DNA

• RNA

• gene

Multiple Choice

The twisted ladder shape of DNA is referred to as a ....

• Twizzler candy
• twisted ladder
• double helix
• yo mama

Multiple Choice

What is a long coiled strand of DNA and proteins?

• gene

• RNA

• chromosome

• genome

Multiple Choice

We inherit our genes from ...

• our nucleus.

• our parents.

• from the food we eat.

Multiple Choice

Why is DNA important?

• it is very small and very complicated
• it's in everything
• it serves as the blueprint for traits of all living things
• because we eat it every day for energy

Multiple Choice

DNA is a molecule made up of a combination of how many DNA bases?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

Where is DNA found in a human cell?

• ribosome

• nucleus

• cell membrane

• cytoplasm

Multiple Choice

DNA has a special structure called a

• single helix

• double helix

• triple helix

• ladder

Multiple Choice

What is a gene

• A long length of DNA that codes for a chromosome

• A short length of DNA that codes for a chromosome

• A short length of DNA that codes for a protein.

Multiple Choice

Our characteristics are controlled by

• DNA

• genes

• chromosomes

• parents

Multiple Choice

What do you call all of the instructions on how to make you? (all of your DNA)

• Allele

• Chromosome

• Genome

• Nucleus

Multiple Choice

The yellow part of this picture is DNA. What do you think the turquoise part around it is?

• chromosome
• gene
• DNA
• ACTG

Multiple Choice

The number of human chromosomes is

• 23

• 46

• 92

• 64

Multiple Choice

Which sentence is FALSE?

• All organisms have 23 pairs of DNA.
• Chromosomes are made of genes.
• DNA is made out of 4 chemicals: adenine, cytosine, thymine, guanine
• DNA is the recipe for life.

Multiple Choice

What is a short segment of a DNA strand that codes for our characteristics?

• chromosome

• DNA

• RNA

• gene

Multiple Choice

Which sentence is FALSE?

• Humans have 23 pairs of DNA.
• Humans have 46 total chromosomes.
• Genes are made of chromosomes.
• Every human's DNA is at least 99% similar.

Multiple Choice

Genes are found within bands of DNA. Which sentence best describes the function of a gene.

• Genes create more DNA for the organism to use later.

• Genes create instructions that tell cells which proteins to make.

• Genes create chromosomes for organisms to pass down to their offspring.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following base pairings is correct?

• T-T, C-A

• A-T, C-C

• A-T, C-G

• C-G, C-C

Multiple Choice

Why is DNA important?

• it is very small and very complicated
• it's in everything
• it serves as the blueprint for traits of all living things
• because we eat it every day for energy

Multiple Select

Select all of the examples of traits:

• Hair color

• Being tall or short

• Chromosomes

• Having a good report card.

• Having 6 fingers.

Multiple Choice

What determines the code, or information, of a DNA molecule?

• the shape (structure) of the nitrogen bases
• the order (sequence) of the nitrogen bases
• the color of the nitrogen bases
• the frequency (number) of nitrogen bases

Multiple Choice

What is a long coiled strand of DNA and proteins?

• gene

• RNA

• chromosome

• genome

Multiple Choice

What are the nucleotides made of?

• Sugar, Phosphate, nitrogen base
• Phosphate, Adenine, nitrogen base
• Thymine, Adenine, Cytomine
• Phosphate, Nitrogen, Adenine

Multiple Choice

What do genes control

• lipids

• nucleotides

• traits

• DNA

Multiple Choice

Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand
ATG TGA CAG

• ATG TGA CAG
• TAC ACT GTC
• GTA AGT GAC
• CAT TCA CTG

Multiple Choice

Where do you get your DNA from?

• only your mom

• only your dad

• both your mom and your dad

Multiple Choice

DNA codes for...

• bases
• proteins
• amino acids
• phosphates

Multiple Choice

A gene

(1) is a fragment of DNA on the chromosome.

(2) controls a body character.

(3) is the unit of inheritance.

• (1) and (2) only

• (1) and (3) only

• (2) and (3) only

• (1), (2) and (3)

Multiple Choice

Name this structure

• double helix
• nucelotide
• twisted ladder
• hydrogen bond

Multiple Choice

Most same genes are located in the same place on pairs of chromosomes.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Which series is arranged in order from largest to smallest in size?

• gene, chromosome, nucleus, cell, DNA, nucleotide
• cell, nucleus, chromosome, DNA, gene, nucleotide
• nucleotide, chromosome, cell, DNA, nucleus
• cell, DNA, gene, nucleotide, nucleus, chromosome

Multiple Choice

Sperms have

• one chromosome.

• two chromosomes.

• one set of chromosomes.

• two sets of chromosomes.

Multiple Choice

Place the following in sequential order
1. Recoil
2. Straightens the double helix
3. Breaks Hydrogen bonds
4. Adds Free nucleotides

• 1, 2, 3, 4
• 3, 4, 2, 1
• 3, 2, 4, 1
• 2, 3, 4, 1

Multiple Choice

Where can you find the chromosomes in your cells?

• in the cytoplasm

• in the membrane

• in the nucleus

Multiple Choice

How does RNA differ from DNA?

• RNA contains uracil and deoxyribose
• RNA contains ribose and thymine
• RNA contains uracil and ribose
• RNA contains adenine and ribose

Multiple Choice

A trait is :

• a removal
• a characteristic
•  a change
• a sequence

Multiple Choice

How would the DNA sequence GCTATA be transcribed to mRNA?

• GCUAUA
• CGATAT
• CGAUAU
• GCUTUT

Multiple Choice

We inherit our genes from ...

• our nucleus.

• our parents.

• from the food we eat.

Multiple Choice

In messenger RNA, each codon specifies a particular

• nucleotide
• enzyme
• amino acid
• promoter

Multiple Choice

To inherit means:

• To receive
• To change
• To create
• To give

Multiple Choice

How would the DNA sequence GCTATA be transcribed to mRNA?

• GCUAUA
• CGATAT
• CGAUAU
• GCUTUT

Fill in the Blank

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

Multiple Choice

The process of making proteins on the ribosome based on instructions from messenger RNA is called

• transcription
• transformation
• translation
• molecular biology

Multiple Choice

the passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring.

• heredity
• trait
• gene
• allele

Multiple Choice

Changes is DNA sequences that affect genetic information are known as

• replications
• mutations
• transformations
• translations

Multiple Choice

DNA is a molecule made up of a combination of how many DNA bases?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

A single-base mutation in a messenger RNA molecule could transcribe the DNA sequence CAGTAT into

• GTCATA
• GUCAUA
• GTCUTU
• GUAAUA

Multiple Choice

• chromosome

• DNA

• genes

• heredity

Multiple Choice

RNA has how many strands?

• one
• two

Fill in the Blank

Chromosomes are really long strands of ___

Multiple Choice

DNA and RNA belong to the biomolecule class of 

• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Nucleic Acids

Multiple Choice

You cannot inherit skin color from your mom.

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

RNA stands for

• robot nucleic acid

• root nucleic acid

• ribonucleic acid

• nucleic acid

Multiple Choice

DNA has a special structure called a

• single helix

• double helix

• triple helix

• ladder

Multiple Choice

The nitrogen base pairs for RNA are

• A-T C-G

• A-U C-G

• A-C T-G

• T -U G-C

Multiple Choice

How many pairs of chromosomes do you have?

• 2

• 46

• 23

• 8

Multiple Choice

RNA carries a copy of the DNA blueprint (instructions) from the nucleus to the ___

• nucleus

• cell membrane

• vacuole

• ribosome

Multiple Choice

What shape does DNA have?

• circle

• double helix

• rectangular

• single helix

Multiple Choice

There are three types of RNA

• False

• True

Multiple Choice

The picture shows 46 chromosomes taken from a human:

• Male, because there are two X chromosomes

• Male because there is an X and a Y

• Female because there are two X chromosomes

• Female because there is an X and a Y

Multiple Choice

Which type of RNA takes the instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm?

• mRNA
• tRNA
• rRNA
• RNA polymerase

Multiple Choice

Our characteristics are controlled by

• DNA

• genes

• chromosomes

• parents

Multiple Choice

What is the product of translation?

• DNA
• mRNA
• tRNA
• proteins

Multiple Choice

Which statement is true? (Pick one.)

• Offspring only inherit chromosomes from one parent not both parents.

• Males and females of the same species have the same amount of chromosomes

• Offspring from two parents inherit the exact same chromosomes

• Males always have more chromosomes than females

Multiple Choice

What is the product of transcription?

• DNA
• mRNA
• tRNA
• proteins

Multiple Choice

A stretch of DNA is called a(n)

• allele

• chromosome

• gene

• nucleus

Multiple Choice

What is the product of translation?

• DNA
• mRNA
• tRNA
• proteins

Multiple Choice

All of the following are genetic traits except

• eye color

• risks for certain diseases

• age

• size

Multiple Choice

How many nucleotides make a codon?

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 6

Multiple Choice

Your body reads the genes and makes

• carbohydrates

• lipids

• nucleic acids

• proteins

Multiple Choice

Which organelle is the location where protein is made?

• Ribosome

• Nucleus

• Cytoplasm

• Nucleotide

Multiple Choice

What does DNA stand for?

• Deoxyribonucleic acid
• Denitrogenous acid
• Deribonucleic acid
• Diribonucleic acid

Multiple Choice

When these bond together, they form a protein

• Amino Acids

• Peptide Bonds

• Ribose

• Nucleotides

Multiple Choice

During translation, this type of ribonucleic acid is responsible for delivering amino acids to help make a protein.

• mRNA

• rRNA

• tRNA

• dRNA

Multiple Choice

mRNA occurs during this process

• Translation

• Transcription

• Replication

• Delivery

Multiple Choice

The main function of tRNA is to...

• carry a message that, when translated, forms proteins
• form a portion of ribosomes
• string together complementary RNA and DNA strands
• bring amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes

Multiple Choice

What is the structure labeled 2 in the diagram?

• chromosome

• DNA

• gene

• nucleus

Multiple Choice

What is the term for a three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid?

• base
• codon
• amine
• serine

Multiple Choice

What numbered structure in the picture is a chromosome?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

• 5

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the site of transcription?

• vacuole
• lysosome
• nucleus
• ribosome

Multiple Choice

Number 5 in the diagram shows a section of the DNA in a chromosome. This section if DNA represents a ____

• allele

• gene

• genome

• heredity

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the site of translation?

• vacuole
• lysosome
• nucleus
• ribosome

DNA Structure

DNA is made of nucleotides. A nucleotide is made up of a sugar, phosphate and a base.

Multiple Choice

What amino acid is represented by the codon UUA?

• Phenylalanine
• Tyrosine
• Leucine
• Stop codon

Multiple Select

Which 3 items below make up a nucleotide?

• base

• chromosome

• lipid

• phosphate

• sugar

Multiple Choice

What process is going on in this photo? 

• Transcription 
• Translation 
• Replication 
• All the above 

Multiple Choice

Does the order of amino acids in a protein matter?

• YES!
• NO!

DNA bases

The bases in DNA always pair in a specific way. A always pairs with T and C always pairs with G.

Multiple Choice

Which choice below shows the bases paired up correctly?

• A-A, C-C, T-T, G-G

• A-C, C-A, T-G, G-T

• A-G, G-A, C-T, T-C

• A-T, T-A, C-G, G-C

Here is a recap of what you learned today!

Multiple Choice

The specific order of the base pairs that tells the cell how to make a protein is called a

• chromosome

• gene

• nucleus

• recipe

Open Ended

What is one thing you learned about DNA from today's lesson?