PFA #1 - Analyzing Informational Texts

Mrs. Langdon C. Stewardson, chairman of the industrial committee* of the Geneva Political
Equality club, is arousing* considerable interest in the work of the National Child Labor
committee which is distributing literature* and working in different states to improve the
conditions of child labor. Mrs. Stewardson has made personal investigation into the conditions in Geneva and finds the law quite generally enforced.

A special effort is being made in this state [New York] to secure the appointment of Miss
Florence Kelly as state labor commissioner* in place of Commissioner McMackin, and remove
the work entirely from political influences.

Mrs. Stewardson has received an appeal* for subscriptions* to the support of the National Child
Labor committee and has already been able to send on a number of contributions* from Geneva people who are interested in bettering the condition of the children of the poor and enforcing the laws which provide that their earlier years shall be spent in school and not in shops and factories.

Further contributions for the work of this committee may be sent to Mrs. Stewardson at any time,
and they will be forwarded at once to the headquarters in New York. The National committee is
supported entirely in its work by voluntary contributions, and the money is spent largely in
distribution* of literature on the subject of child labor.

​From a newspaper article in 1905, "Mrs. Stewardson arousing local interest in the subject."

Multiple Choice

The central idea of the article is developed by details about __________.

• What members of the Geneva Political Equality Club are doing.

• What members of the National Child Labor Committee are doing.

• What Mrs. Stewardson is doing.

• What Commissioner McMackin is doing.

Multiple Choice

What is the central idea of the article?

• Mrs. Stewardson is working to end child labor, especially in Geneva, NY.

• Mrs. Stewardson is working to continue the use of child labor in New York.

• Mrs. Stewardson wants Miss Kelly to be state labor commissioner.

• Mrs. Stewardson wants to become state labor commissioner.

When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one portion* of the family of man to
assume among the people of the earth a position different from that which they have hitherto*
occupied, but one to which the laws of nature and of nature’s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of [people] requires that they should declare the causes that impel* them to such a course [to change their beliefs].

We hold these truths to be self-evident*: that all men and women are created equal; that they are
endowed* by their Creator with certain inalienable* rights, that among these are life, liberty*, and the
pursuit of happiness; that to secure these rights governments are instituted*, deriving* their just
powers from the consent* of the governed*. Whenever any form of government becomes destructive
of these ends, it is the right of those who suffer from it to refuse allegiance* to it, and to insist upon
the institution of a new government, laying its foundation on such principles*, and organizing its
powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect* their safety and happiness.
Prudence*, indeed, will dictate* that governments long established should not be changed for light
and transient * causes; and accordingly*, all experience hath shown that mankind* are more
disposed* to suffer, while evils are sufferable*, than to right themselves by abolishing* the forms to
which they were accustomed*. But when a long train of abuses*..., pursuing invariably the same object
evinces* a design to reduce them under absolute despotism*, it is their duty to throw off such
government, and to provide new guards for their future security. Such has been the patient [suffering] of the women under this government, and such is now the [need] which constrains them to demand the equal station to which they are entitled.

The history of [people] is a history of repeated injuries and [abuses] on the part of man toward
woman, having in direct object the [creation] of an absolute tyranny [horrible treatment] over her. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a [honest] world. . . .

Multiple Choice

One way that the central idea of the excerpt is developed is by explaining why _____.

• Women should rule the country.

• Some women are exempt.

• Women hold these ideas

• Some women disagree.

Multiple Choice

What is the central idea of the excerpt?

• Women follow the laws of nature.

• Women must secure their place in the home.

• Women are creating a new government.

• Women deserve the same rights as men.

"NHTSA emphasizes the importance of Automated Driving Systems
(ADSs): A Vision for Safety as new voluntary guidance in its entirety—a
complete package that represents the Agency’s current position on
Automated Driving Systems [self-driving cars]. As the new voluntary
guidance is a result of improvements based on public comments and new
information, in the future, it too will be updated to reflect input by the
public, advances in technology, increased presence of ADSs on public
roadways, new research, and any regulatory action or legal changes that
could occur at both the Federal and State levels. NHTSA encourages
collaboration and communication between all government entities and the
private sector as the technology grows and the Agency will continue to
facilitate the conversation among all stakeholders. The Department and
NHTSA recognize that rules made in this arena must promote safety, remove any existing unnecessary barriers, remain technology neutral, and enable a pathway for innovation that has the potential to save lives. Any initiative in the regulatory realm will seek to remove regulatory barriers and burdens that could unnecessarily hinder the safe and efficient implementation of ADSs."

Multiple Choice

What is the central idea of the excerpt?

• 
  

  The guidance on automated driving systems is subject to change.

• The guidance on automated driving systems is meant to replace all other driving rules.

• The guidance on automated driving systems does not apply to government vehicles.

• The guidance on automated driving systems will not support new technology.

Multiple Choice

The central idea of the excerpt is developed by explaining _____.

• 
  

  The reasons the guidance may be updated.

• The way the guidance encourages technology.

• The reasons the guidance is mandatory.

• The way the guidance will be implemented.

After we initiated* the process of revising the bee regulations*, Varroa mite was found in New
Zealand, and the small hive beetle (Aethina tumida) was found in Australia. Neither bee pest is
present in Hawaii; therefore, this final rule prohibits* the importation of adult honeybees into
Hawaii. Specifically, 322.4(a) of this final rule lists Australia, Canada, and New Zealand as regions
that are approved for the importation of adult honeybees into the continental United States (i.e.,
not including Hawaii), and proposed 322.6(a)(2), which contained conditions for export certificates
accompanying* shipments of adult honeybees into Hawaii, has been removed.

As a result of our decision not to allow honeybees or other bees to be imported into Hawaii, any
bees from Australia or New Zealand that are transiting through Hawaii will be considered
restricted* organisms and will be subject to the appropriate requirements. The conditions for
transiting* imported bees through and transloading them in Hawaii, set forth in the proposed rule
in Subpart D— Transit of Restricted Organisms Through the United States, also were the subject of a number of comments. Proposed 322.25 stated that shippers may not transload restricted organisms in Hawaii.

The restricted organisms would have to remain on, and depart for another destination
aboard, the same aircraft on which the shipment arrived at the Hawaiian airport. This provision
represented the most significant* change from the current regulations, which do allow
transloading. The remaining provisions* of the proposed subpart, which pertained [related] to such
matters as documentation, packaging, notice of arrival, and inspection and handling, did not
deviate* significantly from the existing provisions in 322.1 of the regulations.

Multiple Choice

The central idea of the excerpt is developed by an explanation of _____.

• How the regulations can be avoided.

• How honeybees spread.

• How the regulations have changed.

• How small hive beetles spread.

Multiple Choice

What is the central idea of the excerpt?

• Honeybees from Australia, Canada, and New Zealand have invaded Hawaii.

• Honeybees from Australia, Canada, and New Zealand can survive in Hawaii.

• Honeybees from Australia, Canada, and New Zealand may not be transloaded in Hawaii.

• Honeybees from Australia, Canada, and New Zealand may not be transported through Hawaii.