SS Chem Unit 2 Lesson

Unit 2: Matter and Energy

What makes up matter?

• We know that matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. But what is matter made of?

• All matter is made up of atoms. The atoms in many forms of matter are joined in molecules. All of these particles move constantly.

• If you leave a bottle of perfume open, eventually you will be able to smell the perfume from across the room. Why?

Open Ended

If you leave a bottle of perfume open, eventually you will be able to smell the perfume from across the room. Why?

Kinetic Theory of Matter

• Observations about the movement of particles have helped scientist to develop the kinetic theory of matter.

• #1 All matter is made of particles that are in constant motion.

• #2 The faster particles move, the higher the temperature of the substance.

• #3 At the same temperature, more massive particles move more slowly than less massive ones.

Common States of Matter

• Solid

• Liquid

• Gas

• Plasma

Solids

• particles do not move fast enough to slide past one another so they vibrate in place

• A solid has definite volume and a definite shape.

• Strong attractions hold them close together to create a rigid structure

• Ex. Ice

Multiple Choice

What causes a solid to have a definite volume and shape?

• rigid structure

• strong attractions

• volume

Liquid

• particles in a liquid move more quickly than those in a solid. This allows the particles to overcome some of the forces of attraction between them

• Liquids can flow freely.

• Have definite volume and variable shape

• Ex. water

Fill in the Blank

The particles in a liquid can overcome some forces of attraction because

Gas

• particles move quicker than in solid and liquid. They are usually far apart.

• Can change shape

• Variable volume and shape

• Ex. carbon dioxide

Is it a fluid or plasma?

• A fluid is a state of matter in which the particles are free to move past each other

• Because liquids and gases have variable shapes, they are considered a fluid

• Plasma is made up of electrically charged, or ionized particles.

• Plasmas have variable shape and volume but unlike gases, can conduct electricity.

Open Ended

Describe the movement of particles in a fluid. Use complete sentence(s)

Energy

• Energy is the ability to change or move matter

• Energy of motion is called KINETIC ENERGY. Because they are moving, all particles of matter have kinetic energy. Solids have the least kinetic energy while gases have the most kinetic energy.

• The total kinetic energy of all particles in a substance is called thermal energy.

Temperature

• a measurement of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object

• When you measure an object's temperature, you are measuring the average kinetic energy of its particles. The higher the average kinetic of the particles in a substance, the higher its temperature.
  

Trail mix is an example of a mixture.

-A mixture is a combination of matter. Although its combined the individual particles of each item don't change.

​

​Mixtures

Match

Match the following solutions or mixtures.

• Solution

• Mixture

• Solution

• Mixture

Coke

Mud

Saltwater

Salad

• Coke

• Mud

• Saltwater

• Salad

Unsaturated Solutions

•  An unsaturated solution is a solution containing less than the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved

• More solute may be added and dissolved. Concentration is lower than a saturated solution.

Saturated Solution

• A saturated solution is a solution in which no more solute can dissolve.

• At the saturation point, all of the solute is dissolved, but adding more solute will leave some undissolved.

Supersaturated Solutions

• A supersaturated solution is a solution that contains more solute than a saturated solution.

• Usually, this results in undissolved material that tends to crystallize.

Solubility

The amount of solute that will dissolve in a solvent is its solubility. Solubility depends on the solvent.

Multiple Choice

A ________ is a solution in which no more solute can dissolve.

• saturated solution

• unsaturated solution

• supersaturated solution

Ideal Gas Law

PV = nRT

where...

Dropdown

In the ideal gas law, P = ​

Select answer

, V = ​

Select answer

, n = ​

Select answer

, R = ​

Select answer

, and T = ​

Select answer

Ideal Gas Law Example

If 0.867 moles of nitrogen trioxide is collected at 305.2 K and 721 mmHg, what volume of nitrogen trioxide is present?

Multiple Select

What are our known values? You can pick more than one

• P

• V

• n

• R

• T

Ideal Gas Law Example

After converting 721 mmHg to atm,

P = 0.949 atm

V = ?

n = 0.867 moles

R = 0.0821 L*atm/mol*K 

T = 305.2 K

Labelling

Place the following values in the correct spot

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

0.949 atm

0.867 mole

305.2 K

Some text here about the topic of discussion

Multiple Choice

Which container will have lower pressure?

• First container

• second container

Multiple Choice

You leave a soccer ball outside in the winter. Will the ball end up flatter than it was before?

• Only if it's REALLY cold

• No

• Only if it has a leak

• Yes

Multiple Choice

The more energy that particles have, the ___ they move.

• faster

• slower

Fill in the Blank

Temperature measures the average ____ _____ of the particles in an object.