Skill: Cause and Effect (SOL Review)

​Isaac Newton once said, ‘Every action has an equal and an opposite reaction.’ We call this cause and effect.

Cause and Effect

​Today we will discuss cause and effect.

​​Learning Intention

You will know that you are successful when you are able to correctly identify the causes and effects in a text.

​​Success Criteira

A cause is the reason something happens and the effect is the result of the cause. We can identify both the causes and effects of events in texts.

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Definition:Cause & Effect - A cause is the reason something happens and the effect is the result of what happens. What happens and why it happens is a cause and effect relationship. The cause or effect can come in any order and may use signal words or phrases like: as a result, so, because, consequently, and therefore.

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Multiple Choice

The higher a person climbs, the less oxygen there is to breathe. Sometimes climbers develop altitude sickness because of this. Symptoms can include a headache, nausea, or pain. Past a certain level on a mountain, climbers breathe from bottled oxygen.

CAUSE: Air is thinner at higher altitudes. 

What was the EFFECT?

• People climb faster.

• It does not snow.

• Climbers may get sick.

• There is more oxygen.

Multiple Choice

In 1786, two Italian men reached the top of Mont Blanc, a peak in the Alps on the border between Italy and France. They were the first known men to do so successfully. Their feat launched what some call the modern age of mountaineering, inspiring others to climb mountains worldwide.

EFFECT: People became interested in mountain climbing.

What was the CAUSE?

• Someone discovered Mont Blanc

• Two men climbed Mont Blanc.

• Mountain climbing shoes were invented in 1786.

• The Alps were discovered in 1786.

Multiple Choice

Mountain climbers created grading systems so other climbers will know how difficult it is to climb a particular mountain. Different countries have different grading systems. Different types of climbing have their own systems.

CAUSE: Some people were unprepared for the dangers of mountain climbing.

What was the EFFECT?

• Mountain climbers graded mountains on difficulty.

• The sport of mountain climbing lost popularity.

• They were forbidden from climbing the tallest mountains.

• Climbers went to different countries to avoid grading systems.

Multiple Choice

In 1865, a British artist named Edward Whymper became the first known person to climb to the peak of the Matterhorn in the Alps. He had failed six times before. As he and his six-man team descended the mountain, four slipped and fell to their deaths. Whymper never forgot them.

EFFECT: Edward Whymper always kept the fallen climbers in his mind.

What was the CAUSE?

• Whymper did not want to bring so many people with him.

• Whymper saw four of his climbing party die.

• Whymper was the first to reach the top of the Matterhorn.

• Whymper failed because of those fallen climbers.

Multiple Choice

The Himalayan Mountains in Asia contain the highest peaks on the planet. The highest is Everest. In 1924, two British men, George Mallory and Andrew Irvine, attempted to reach the peak of Everest but died on the mountain. Climbers found the frozen body of Mallory in 1999.

CAUSE: Two British men tried to reach the peak of Everest but failed to return.

What was the EFFECT?

• One of their bodies was found 75 years later.

• Both of their bodies were found in 1999.

• Everest is no longer considered the world’s tallest mountain.

• If you want to climb the highest peaks, go to Asia.

Multiple Choice

In the United States, mountains higher than 14,000 feet above sea level are known as fourteeners. Many American mountains fitting this description are in Colorado and Alaska. Some people set a goal of climbing all the fourteeners in a state or country.

EFFECT: A mountain is classified as a “fourteener.”

What is the CAUSE?

• A mountain has been climbed by 14 experts.

• A mountain is 14 miles high.

• A mountain is at least 14,000 feet above sea level.

• A state has at least 14 mountains.

Today you have learned about causes and effects in texts.  As you read through texts, identify the causes and the effects of those events. Now, complete the Cause and Effect (SOL Review in Edulastic)

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Cause and Effect