Weather and Atmosphere

Weather Maps

Using Weather Tools to Forecast

Weather Maps

Meteorologists use information from weather tools to make weather maps. They help predict or forecast the weather.

Weather Maps Show

• Temperature

• Precipitation

• ​Movement of Air Masses

• ​Fronts

• ​Air Pressure

Multiple Choice

Hot chocolate is stirred with a spoon and the spoon gets hot.

• Conduction

• Convection

• Radiation

Multiple Select

Which of these are shown on weather maps? Check all that apply.

• Temperature and Precipitation

• Movement of Air Masses

• Fronts

• Air Pressure

Multiple Choice

You burn your hand by touching a hot stove.

• Conduction

• Convection

• Radiation

Weather Maps Show

The Movement of Air Masses

(Study Jams Video: Air Masses and Fronts)

Air Masses

• Large body of air with the same temperature and humidity (amount of water vapor) throughout

• Cold & Dry, Cold & Humid

• Warm & Dry, Warm & Humid

• ​Dry - forms over land

• ​Wet - forms over water

• ​Cold - forms near poles

• ​Warm - forms near equator

Multiple Choice

What are large bodies of air with the same temperature and humidity called?

• air mass

• precipitation

• key

• wind

Radiation

Transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves.

Multiple Choice

What is the amount of water vapor in the air called?

• dryness

• air mass

• temperature

• humidity

Multiple Choice

What type of air mass would form near the equator over water?

• Cold & Wet

• Cold & Dry

• Warm & Wet

• Warm & Dry

Weather Maps Show Fronts

Where Two Different Air Masses Meet

Cold Fronts

• Triangles

• Cold air mass bumps into a warm air mass

• Strong Storms

• Warm Weather: Thunderstorms

• Cold Weather: Snowstorm

• Temperature Drops

Warm Fronts

• Half Circles

• Warm Air Mass Meets a Colder Air Mass and Slowly Rides Up Over It

• Sheets of Gray Clouds Bring Rain

• Temperature Rises

• 
  

• 
  

Stationary Front

• Two Air Masses Meet and Stop Moving

• Clouds & Precipitation

• Triangles & Half Circles

• 
  

Multiple Choice

Which type of front will bring thunderstorms?

• Cold

• Warm

• Stationary

Multiple Choice

The sidewalk increases in temperature on a sunny day.

• Conduction

• Convection

• Radiation

Multiple Choice

Which front is shown with triangles and half circles on a weather map?

• cold

• warm

• stationary

Multiple Choice

Which front will cause temperatures to rise?

• cold

• warm

• stationary

Severe Weather

And their Hazards!

Types of Hazardous Weather:

• Tornadoes

• Hurricanes

• Flood & Drought

Hurricanes

• Thunderstorms + warm ocean water (Atlantic Ocean).

• Affects east coast of U.S., Caribbean Islands, and Gulf of Mexico.

• Satellites, radios, boats, and planes track these storms.

• Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale: Numbered categories based on wind speed.

Tornadoes

• Tropical warm air (Mexico) + Polar cool air (Canada) or Thunderstorms over land.

• Mostly affects Central U.S. (Nebraska to Texas).

• Enhanced Fujita Damage Intensity Scale (EF): Tornado scaling based on wind speed.

Flood/Drought

• Flood: An area overflown with water.

• Effects: Loss of habitats, and property damage.

• Drought: Extended period of little to no water.

• Effects: Wildfires, crop damage, and heat-related illnesses.

Multiple Choice

How are Hurricanes formed?

• When a thunderstorm travels across the ocean.

• When hot air mixes with colder air.

• When sugar canes fall from the sky.

Multiple Choice

How are Tornados formed?

• When a thunderstorm travels across the ocean.

• When warm air mixes with colder air.

• When a Twister finds farm animals.

Multiple Choice

What makes a Flood different than a Drought?

• Floods drain all water from the land.

• Floods overflow water in an area.

• Floods cause wildfires.

• Floods do not cause crop damage.

What can WE do?

• Move to a safer area.

• Find a secure shelter.

• Government agencies are available for severe weather updates.

Weather Tools

Multiple Choice

I am the weather tool used to measure wind direction or the direction from which the wind is blowing. What am I?

• weather/wind vane

• anemometer

• barometer

Multiple Choice

What is the name of this tool?

• Barometer

• Hygrometer

• Thermometer

Multiple Choice

What is the name of this weather tool and what does it measure?

• Thermometer and the amount of rain that is in the air

• Rain Gauge and the amount of rain that has fallen

• Hygrometer and the amount of water that is in the air

Multiple Choice

This weather instrument is an ___________, it measures wind speed.

• thermometer

• anemometer

• barometer

Multiple Choice

Which tool measures air pressure?

• Thermometer

• Barometer

• Wind Vane

Multiple Choice

A high pressure system means we might have this weather.

• Snow blizzard

• Sunny and dry

• Rain storm

Multiple Choice

Which tool measures wind speed?

• Anemometer

• Hygrometer

• Barometer

Multiple Choice

Which weather tool measures wind direction?

• anemometer

• barometer

• wind vane

Multiple Choice

I am the weather tool that measures the amount of precipitation in inches or centimeters. What am I?

• barometer

• anemometer

• rain gauge

Multiple Choice

What does a thermometer measure?

• Air pressure

• wind speed

• temperature(heat)

Multiple Choice

What do you call a person that study's weather?

• Archaeologist

• Biologist

• Meteorologist

Multiple Choice

Which tool is this?

• Weather Balloon

• Weather Station

• Weather Satellite

The Layers of Earth's Atmosphere

Layers of the Atmosphere

The Layers of Earth's Atmosphere

Troposphere

the layer of the atmosphere closest to the earth, in which the air moves in all directions. It is where most of Earth's weather takes place.

Stratosphere

The layer of the Earth's atmosphere that lies above the troposphere. It has very little water vapor and other gases present.

OZONE LAYER forms here.

Mesosphere

The part of the atmosphere between the stratosphere and thermosphere in which the temperature decreases in altitude.

Thermosphere

The highest level of the atmosphere.

Ionosphere

• The ionosphere is a very active part of the atmosphere, and it grows and shrinks depending on the energy it absorbs from the Sun. The name ionosphere comes from the fact that gases in these layers are excited by solar radiation to form ions, which have an electrical charge.

• Auroras, Northern Lights occur in the ionosphere.

Exosphere

The outer region of the atmosphere.

Multiple Choice

Hot air balloons fly in the __________.

• troposphere

• mesosphere

• thermosphere

Multiple Choice

In which layer of the atmosphere do satellites orbit?

• exosphere

• thermosphere

• troposphere

• mesosphere

Multiple Choice

Meteors burn up it which layer of the atmosphere?

• stratosphere

• troposphere

• mesosphere

• thermosphere

Multiple Choice

Which layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer?

• mesosphere

• troposphere

• stratosphere

• thermosphere

Multiple Choice

What is the name of earth's atmospheric layer where weather occurs?

• stratosphere

• thermosphere

• exosphere

• troposphere

Multiple Choice

How hot does it get in the thermosphere?

• 100 degrees

• 500 degrees

• 5,000 degrees

• 2,000 degrees

Multiple Choice

Airplanes and jets fly in the ___________.

• exosphere

• mesosphere

• troposphere

• stratosphere

Multiple Choice

Which layer of the atmosphere is the coldest layer?

• thermosphere

• mesosphere

• exosphere

• stratosphere

Multiple Choice

List the layers of the atmosphere in order from Earth's surface to outer space.

• stratosphere, thermosphere, troposphere, mesosphere, exosphere

• troposphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere, stratosphere

• troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere

• thermosphere, troposphere, mesosphere, stratosphere, exosphere

Convection, Conduction, Radiation

Heat Transfers

Conduction

Transfer of heat by direct touch. The spoon is directly touching the liquid.

Multiple Choice

Hot chocolate is stirred with a spoon and the spoon gets hot.

• Conduction

• Convection

• Radiation

Radiation

Transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves. On a sunny day, you can feel the warmth of the Sun's rays on your skin.

Multiple Choice

The Sun warms your skin on a cold day.

• Conduction

• Convection

• Radiation

Convection

Transfer of energy through heat rising through air or a liquid.

Multiple Choice

Macaroni rises and falls in a pot of heated water.

• Conduction

• Convection

• Radiation

Conduction

Heat transfer through direct touch.

Multiple Choice

You burn your hand by touching a hot stove.

• Conduction

• Convection

• Radiation

Radiation

Transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves.

Multiple Choice

Warming your feet in front of a fire.

• Conduction

• Convection

• Radiation

Convection

Transfer of energy through heat rising through air or a liquid.

Multiple Choice

Hot air balloon rises.

• Conduction

• Convection

• Radiation

Multiple Choice

The air near the ceiling in a room is warmer than the air near the floor.

• Conduction

• Convection

• Radiation

Convection

Transfer of energy through heat rising through air or a liquid.

Multiple Choice

The material in a lava lamp rises and falls.

• Conduction

• Convection

• Radiation

Convection

Transfer of energy through heat rising through air or a liquid.

Multiple Choice

The sidewalk increases in temperature on a sunny day.

• Conduction

• Convection

• Radiation

Radiation

Transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves. The Sun's rays heat up the sidewalk.

Multiple Choice

The sidewalk burns your bare feet in the summertime.

• Conduction

• Convection

• Radiation

Conduction

The transfer of energy through direct touch. Your feet are directly touching the sidewalk.