5A:Biomolecules & 11BEnzymes

Multiple Choice

A polymer is made up many:

• polymer

• biomolecules

• proteins

• monomers

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Multiple Select

The function of a carbohydrate is: Select two answers.

• Long-term energy storage

• Short-term energy storage

• Storing genetic information

• Acts as an enzyme

• Component of cell walls (cellulose)

Multiple Choice

9A A table of four types of carbohydrates is shown.

Which list correctly matches the functions to the types of carbohydrates?

• Energy: glycogen and starch

  Structure: cellulose and chitin

• Energy: cellulose and chitin

  Structure: glycogen and starch

• Energy: chitin and glycogen

  Structure: cellulose and starch

• Energy: cellulose and starch

  Structure: chitin and glycogen

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Multiple Select

The function of a lipid is: Select two answers.

• Long-term energy storage

• Short- term energy storage

• Storing genetic information

• Component of cell wall in plants

• Provides insulation in animals

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Multiple Select

The function of a protein is: Select all that apply.

• Long term energy storage

• Short-term energy storage

• Codes for traits

• Transport molecules across the cell membrane

• Speeds up reactions (enzyme)

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Multiple Choice

The function of a nucleic acid is:

• Long-term energy storage

• Short-term energy storage

• Storing genetic information

• Speed up reactions

Multiple Choice

9A The differences between two molecules include the type of sugar that forms a section of the molecules and the identity of one of the four nitrogenous bases that make up another section of the molecules. These two molecules are —

• proteins

• lipids

• nucleic acids

• complex carbohydrates

Multiple Choice

9A Students were given a list of seven elements and asked to identify the four elements that are most abundant in biomolecules. Which table correctly identifies the four most-abundant elements in biomolecules?

Multiple Select

9A An advertisement for a health supplement for dogs claims to build lean muscle and strengthen tendons and ligaments, as well as provide energy. Which biomolecules must the supplement contain to provide these benefits? Select all that apply

• Lipids

• Proteins

• Nucleic acids

• Carbohydrates

Multiple Select

Enzymes are: Select two answers.

• nucleic acids

• proteins

• decrease reactions

• carbohydrates

• catalyst

​9C: Enzymes

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Multiple Select

What is the function of an enzyme? Select all that apply.

• enzymes break themselves into small pieces

• enzymes slow down chemical reactions

• enzymes speed up chemical reactions

• lower the activation energy

• Catalyst

Multiple Choice

9C Fireflies emit light. The production of light by an organism is called bioluminescence. To generate visible light, cells in a firefly’s tail produce thousands of luciferase enzymes. Luciferase binds to a chemical called luciferin. Once bound, the luciferase enzyme speeds up a chemical reaction that combines an oxygen molecule and luciferin to produce oxyluciferin. This reaction requires energy and releases light. Which of the following best describes how the luciferase enzyme speeds up the chemical reaction?

• Luciferase increases the amount of time the light is visible.

• Luciferase decreases the amount of energy required for the reaction to start.

• Luciferase increases the number of sites on luciferin that must bind to oxygen.

• Luciferase decreases the temperature of the environment inside the body of the firefly.

Multiple Choice

9C The graphs show the reaction rate for an enzyme across a range of temperatures and pH.

Based on these data, this enzyme functions best at what temperature and pH?

• Temperature of 27°C and a pH of 4

• Temperature of 37°C and a pH of 6

• Temperature of 40°C and a pH of 8

• Temperature of 50°C and a pH of 10

Multiple Choice

9C: Taq polymerase is an enzyme used in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to replicate fragments of DNA. A study published in 1976 examined the properties of Taq polymerase after the enzyme was isolated from Thermus aquaticus, a thermophilic bacterium that lives in the hot springs of Yellowstone National Park. The graph shows one of the results of the study. Which statement about enzyme activity is best supported by this graph?

• An enzyme must be composed of multiple polypeptides, or subunits, to be active

• An enzyme's rate of activity increases with time until it becomes inactive

• An enzyme functions best under specific temperature conditions

• An enzyme works equally well in bacteria that are adapted to high temperatures and in eukaryotic cells such as human cells.

Multiple Choice

Enzymes need certain environmental conditions in order to function properly. What happens when enzymes are taken out of those optimal conditions?

• they die

• they denature

• they change their amino acid sequence

• they work better

Multiple Choice

9C: People who have Alzheimer's disease experience an increasing loss of brain function and cognition over time. Alzheimer's is characterized by a buildup of abnormal protein fragments that damage brain cells. Recently, scientists have discovered an enzyme, BACE2, that decreases these abnormal protein fragments in the brain of a person with Alzhemier's disease. Which statement explains how BACE2 most likely works?

• BACE2 breaks down into smaller pieces that react with the abnormal protein fragments, forming more complex molecules

• BACE2 speeds up the reaction the breaks down the abnormal protein fragments

• BACE2 molecules link several abnormal protein fragments together, forming a complete protein

• BACE2 is a reactant that combines with the abnormal protein fragments

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Multiple Choice

Letter D...

• active site

• enzyme

• substrate

• products

Multiple Choice

Letter B...

• active site

• enzyme

• substrate

• products

Multiple Choice

9C: The diagram represents one way an enzyme can be inhibited. Which statement explains the effect of an inhibitor on an enzyme?

• A substrate will be able to bond with the enzyme

• The enzyme will likely be attacked by immune cells

• The enzyme will be unable to produce more enzymes

• A substrate will be unable to attach to the enzyme

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