English 10 Unit 9 Review

English 10

Unit 9 Review Due date 6/07

By Cynthia Phillips

​Types of Claims

Claim of Cause and Effect --- ​something causes something

else to happen.

Claim of Fact --- something exists, ​something takes place,

something is true.

Claim of Definition --- something is this; something is not

that.​

Claim of Policy --- something should happen.

Claim of Value --- something is good or bad; something is

right or wrong.​

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​Types of Claims

from "Stake Your Claim" Read 9.1.2​

​What is empathy? 9.2.1 page 1

It is a noun..... it is the ability to understand and share the feelings of another.​

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Not the same as sympathy... it's more​

​Empathy is one of the things that can make you an effective writer and thinker. Seeing the other side of an argument — the very essence of empathy — is a key skill. It shows that you aren't just out to win. Instead, you're out to persuade while staying open to what those who disagree with you have to say.

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In this study, we'll focus on seeing the merits of the opposing view.​

​So what does empathy have to do with a counterclaim?

​What is a counterclaim? 9.1.2 page 2

​A counterclaim is a statement that opposes or points out problems in a claim. A counterclaim can directly oppose a claim or provide an alternative idea that partly agrees with and partly opposes the claim.

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​Remember .... most of us wrote our claim.... two body paragraphs with our supporting reasons and evidence..... then a counterclaim paragraph.

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This is very typical, but your counterclaim DOES NOT HAVE TO ​come right before the conclusion.

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It goes where it fits/flows best.​

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​Which counterclaim fits?

​Responding to counterclaims

9.2.1 pages 6 & 7​

Responding to a counterclaim shows that you’re paying attention to the ongoing conversation about your topic.​ (increases credibility?)

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You have to respond respectfully and with empathy to counterclaims or you will weaken rather than strengthen your argument. Notice the picture!

​No No No

• ​Keep a civil tone

• No ad hominem or straw man approaches (derogatory statements, name-calling, twisting facts etc.)

• We need to be civil when we're making an argument. Civility is an expression of empathy, and it shows readers that you are capable of considering opposing points without using a dismissive or insulting tone. By doing this, you gain your readers' trust and engage their emotions in a positive way.

• Rebut --- arguing against the counterclaim

                   Offering a rebuttal to the counterclaim​

​When addressing a counterclaim . . .

​Choosing a counterclaim 9.2.6 page 5

​It's likely you'll find a lot of reasonable (and unreasonable) counterclaims when you're doing research. Don't let all the possible arguments against your claim overwhelm you.

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You may want to address a few .... find evidence to refute them.... then select the one for your essay that fits best.​

​Refuting a counterclaim 9.2.6 page 12

​We need to be civil when we're making an argument. Civility is an expression of empathy, and it shows readers that you are capable of considering opposing points without using a dismissive or insulting tone. By doing this, you gain your readers' trust and engage their emotions in a positive way.

​Study 9.3.5

​Revision Strategies

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Remember revision is going through your work and correcting or rearranging the big things..... your claim, your reasons, your evidence, your organization... etc.

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Editing is correcting grammar glitches, typos etc.

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Revise first........maybe 2 or 3 times...at the end do the editing.​

​Types of Sentences 9.3.7 page 4

​Transitions 9.2.8 pg. 8

​Documentation 9.3.7

​In-text citations: page 7

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According to MLA standards, you always need to cite the author's name, which allows your reader to find the source on your works-cited page. You have two options for doing this: giving the author's name within the sentence or in parentheses at the end of the sentence. Just don't do both.

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​But what about an electronic source that doesn't have a named author? In that case, use the title of the source in the same way you would use the author's name. Keep in mind that the title is the name of the source, not the web address or URL — Bill's Online Parrot Compendium rather than www.billsparrotsonline.com.

Remember, the point of an in-text citation is to allow your reader to find the source on your works-cited page, where you'll include complete source information, so your in-text citations should match the information you provide there.

​See page 9 for more MLA rules on in-text citations.

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​More on in-texts

​Essay Portion of Test

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Section 1 Synthesis

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Section 2 Respond to Counterclaim

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Section 3 Revision​

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