Chemical Reactions

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Lesson 1.4 Atomic Zoom in & Lesson 1.5​ Investigating atoms and properties.

​Chemical Reactions

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​1.5

O	​Outside the Circle of Knowledge	​Working towards getting In the Circle of Knowledge	​In the Circle of Knowledge
​Substances are made entirely of atoms.	​	​	​
​Atoms are extremely small; they are not visible to the eye.	​	​	​
​Identical patterns and number of atoms give substances identical properties	​	​	​
​Smell of oranges, smell of dirty gym socks and clear liquid are examples of strong properties of a substances.	​	​	​

​Self assessment

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The juice needs to be processed in order to keep it from spoiling. This processing can cause the pleasant orange scent and flavor to fade.

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To address this problem, chemists add a substance that makes the packaged juice smell and taste like fresh-squeezed oranges. That substance is called ethyl butyrate (EH-thul BYOO-tuh-rate).

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How Atoms Make Your Orange Juice Smell Good and Your Socks Smell Bad Have you ever noticed how good orange juice smells when you pour yourself a glass?

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You may be surprised to learn that for many brands of orange juice, the aroma is added. Orange juice is often kept in big tanks for a time before it is packaged and shipped.

How Atoms Make Your Orange Juice Smell Good and Your Socks Smell Bad

Re-reading. "Atomic Zoom-In"

This group of different atoms forms a pattern—it repeats over and over again to make up the substance. The more times the pattern repeats, the more ethyl butyrate you have.

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Even very small differences at the atomic scale can have important effects on the properties of a substance.

Ethyl butyrate is a naturally occurring substance found in many fruits. If you examined a sample of ethyl butyrate, you might observe that it is a clear liquid with a strong smell of pineapple or orange.

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It has a chemical formula of C₆H₁₂O₂, which means it is always made of groups of 6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms, and 2 oxygen atoms

How Atoms Make Your Orange Juice Smell Good and Your Socks Smell Bad

Atomic Zoom-In

Looking more closely at the atoms in sovaleric acid you can see that it is made of groups of 5 carbon atoms, 10 hydrogen atoms, and 2 oxygen atoms, so its chemical formula is C5H10O2. ethyl butyrate and Isovaleric acid have different properties because the atoms that make up each substance are grouped differently. Isovaleric acid has one fewer carbon atom and 2 fewer hydrogen atoms. These atoms are also arranged in a different pattern.

​One substance that is similar to ethyl butyrate at the atomic scale is called sovaleric acid (EYE-so-vuh-LAIR-ick) If you were to observe the properties of Isovaleric acid, you would see that it is also a colorless liquid, but you would never get it confused with ethyl butyrate

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Why? Instead of the pleasant smell of citrus, you would smell something similar to sweaty gym socks. Gross! . ​Why do these two substances have different properties?

How Atoms Make Your Orange Juice Smell Good and Your Socks Smell Bad

Atomic Zoom-In

Ethyl butyrate(left) and Isovaleric acid (right) are both made up of repeating groups of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. However, one smells like citrus and the other smells like sweaty gym socks!

Diamonds are made of carbon atoms stuck together in a repeating pattern, while cubic zirconia is made of zirconium and oxygen atoms stuck together in a repeating pattern.

At the atomic scale, these seem like small differences, but even small differences are enough to give the two substances very different properties.

O	​Outside the Circle of Knowledge	​Working towards getting In the Circle of Knowledge	​In the Circle of Knowledge
​Substances are made entirely of atoms.	​	​	​
​Atoms are extremely small; they are not visible to the eye.	​	​	​
​Identical patterns and number of atoms give substances identical properties	​	​	​
​Smell of oranges, smell of dirty gym socks and clear liquid are examples of strong properties of a substance.	​	​	​

​Self assessment

Multiple Choice

Why is ethyl butyrate (EH-thul BYOO-tuh-rate). added to orange juice

• To give it the smell of oranges

• To make it look like oranges

• To give it the smell of the color yellow

• To give it a fresh smell.

Multiple Choice

Where does Ethyl butyrate naturally occur..........

• in many fruits

• in a lot of water

• in many tins

Multiple Select

Describe one of the PROPERTIES of ethyl butyrate,

• a strong smell of orange.

• a strong smell of pineapple

• a strong smell of mangoes

• a strong smell of milk

Multiple Choice

Describe a PROPERTY of ethyl butyrate, you might observe, it is a ........

• clear liquid

• orange liquid

• clear solid

• orange solid

Multiple Choice

Ethyl butyrate, is a clear liquid with a strong smell of pineapple or orange. It has a CHEMICAL FORMULA of C₆H₁₂O₂ which means it is always made of groups of ........

• 6 Carbon atoms

• 12 carbon atoms

• 2 carbon atoms

Multiple Choice

Ethyl butyrate, is a clear liquid with a strong smell of pineapple or orange. It has a CHEMICAL FORMULA of C₆H₁₂O₂ which means it is always made of groups of ..........

• 12 hydrogens atoms

• 6 Hydrogens atoms

• 2 Hydrogens atoms

Multiple Choice

Ethyl butyrate, is a clear liquid with a strong smell of pineapple or orange. It has a CHEMICAL FORMULA of C₆H₁₂O₂ which means it is always made of groups of ............

• 6 Oxygens atoms

• 12 Oxygens atoms

• 2 Oxygens atoms

Multiple Choice

Ethyl butyrate, you might observe that it is a clear liquid with a strong smell of pineapple or orange. It has a CHEMICAL FORMULA of C₆H₁₂O₂, which means it is always made of groups of ..........

• 6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms, and 2 oxygen atoms.

• 6 carbon atoms, 6hydrogen atoms, and 6 oxygen atoms.

• 2 carbon atoms, 2 hydrogen atoms, and 2 oxygen atoms.

Multiple Choice

Ethyl Butyrate is made up of a total of ....

• 20 atoms

• 18 atoms

• 13 atoms

• 2 atoms

Multiple Choice

Isovaleric (EYE-so-vuh-LAIR-ick) is made up of a total of

• 17 atoms

• 18 atoms

• 15 atoms

• 12 atoms

Multiple Select

Compare Isovaleric (EYE-so-vuh-LAIR-ick) and ethyl butyrate (EH-thul BYOO-tuh-rate).

• ethyl butyrate has more atoms

• ethyl butyrate has less atoms

• ethyl butyrate has red atoms in the middle of white atoms

• ethyl butyrate 's atoms are arranged in a different way to Isovaleric atoms.

Multiple Choice

Isovaleric (EYE-so-vuh-LAIR-ick) acid. is also a colorless liquid, however it has a smell similar to sweaty gym socks. It is has a CHEMICAL FORMULA of C₅H₁₀O₂ It is made of groups of ..........

• 5 Carbons atoms

• 10 Carbons atoms

• 2 Carbons atoms

Multiple Choice

Isovaleric (EYE-so-vuh-LAIR-ick) acid. is also a colorless liquid, however it has a smell similar to sweaty gym socks. It is has a CHEMICAL FORMULA of C₅H₁₀O₂ It is made of groups of .............

• 5 hydrogens atoms

• 10 hydrogens atoms

• 2 hydrogens toms

Multiple Choice

Isovaleric (EYE-so-vuh-LAIR-ick) acid. is also a colorless liquid, however it has a smell similar to sweaty gym socks. It is has a CHEMICAL FORMULA of C₅H₁₀O₂ It is made of groups of ........................

• 5 oxygens atoms

• 10 oxygens atoms

• 2 oxygens atoms

Poll

Isovaleric (EYE-so-vuh-LAIR-ick) acid. is also a colorless liquid, however it has a smell similar to sweaty gym socks. It is has a CHEMICAL FORMULA of C₅H₁₀O₂ . Does it have the same chemical formula as Ethyl Butyrate

• Yes

• No

Poll

Which chemical smells like Oranges

• Ethyl Butyrate

• Isovaleric

• Both

Poll

Which chemical smells like sweaty gym socks.

• Ethyl Butyrate

• Isovaleric

• Both

Poll

Which chemical has more atoms

• Ethyl Butyrate

• Isovaleric

• Both

Multiple Choice

Ethyl butyrate and Isovaleric acid have different properties because the atoms that make up each substance are .......

• grouped differently.

• grouped identically

Multiple Choice

Ethyl butyrate and Isovaleric acid have different properties because the atoms that make up each substance are grouped differently. Isovaleric acid has ................................and 2 fewer hydrogen atoms. These atoms are also arranged in a different pattern.

• one fewer carbon atom

• one more carbon atom

Multiple Choice

Ethyl butyrate and Isovaleric acid have different properties because the atoms that make up each substance are grouped differently. Isovaleric acid has .one fewer carbon atom and ..................... These atoms are also arranged in a different pattern.

• 2 fewer hydrogen atoms.

• 2 more hydrogen atoms.

Multiple Choice

Ethyl butyrate and Isovaleric acid have different properties because the atoms that make up each substance are grouped differently. Isovaleric acid has .one fewer carbon atom and 2 fewer hydrogen atoms. These atoms are also arranged in a ................ pattern.

• different

• identical

Multiple Choice

From the arrangement od the atoms do you expect Diamond and cubic zirconia to have different or identical properties.

• different

• identical

Multiple Choice

At the atomic scale, small differences are enough to give the two substances very .................................properties.

• different

• identical

Open Ended

Describe what makes Chemical have different properties.

Open Ended

Recall as many properties of Isovaleric acid and Ethyl Butyrate .

​	​Outside the Circle of Knowledge	​Working towards getting In the Circle of Knowledge	​In the Circle of Knowledge
​Substances are made entirely of atoms.	​	​	​
​Atoms are extremely small; they are not visible to the eye.	​	​	​
​Identical patterns and number of atoms give substances identical properties	​	​	​
​Smell of oranges, smell of dirty gym socks and clear liquid are examples of strong properties of a substances	​	​	​

​Self assessment