MI Unit 1 Review

MI Unit 1 Review

Multiple Choice

Polymerase chain reaction consists of many cycles to copy DNA. What is the correct sequence of steps in each cycle?

• elongation of DNA, denaturation of DNA, annealing of primers

• denaturation of DNA, elongation of DNA, annealing of primers

• denaturation of primers, annealing of DNA, elongation of DNA

• denaturation of DNA, annealing of primers, elongation of DNA

Multiple Choice

What is a primary antibody?

• the second antibody used to detect foreign particle
• particle produced by the antigen
• the first antibody used to detect foreign particle
• second cell produced by the macrophage

Multiple Choice

_____________ have surface _________ where __________ attach.

• a. Pathogens, antibodies, antigens

• b. Antibodies, antigens, pathogens

• c. Pathogens, antigens, antibodies

• d. Antibodies, pathogens, antigens

• e. Antigens, pathogens, antibodies

Multiple Choice

Dr. Eliert is trying to find the path of infection for a highly contagious virus ravaging his small town. In doing so, she performs an ELISA with the antibody. The first tube has a 400ng/ml sample of antibody and the dilution rate is ¼. What is the final concentration of the 4th tube?

• 6.25 ng/mL

• 1.56 ng/mL

• 25 ng/mL

• 100 ng/mL

Multiple Choice

When a positive + result occurs in an ELISA test, then one could conclude that...

• a + result always means illness

• the antibody is present

• it is a false + and no illness

• an enzyme is present

Multiple Choice

Gram positive bacteria have a thicker cell wall......

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Which portion of a bacterial cell allows the bacteria to attach to specific surfaces?

• cell wall

• capsule

• membrane

• endotoxins

Multiple Choice

The whiplike tail on some bacteria that help them move

• Nucleoid

• Pili

• Flagella

• Cilia

Multiple Choice

Match the Fluoroquinolone antibiotics to their mode of action

• Competitively inhibit enzymes required for folic acid synthesis

• Prevent DNA replication by inhibiting enzymes required for DNA uncoiling

• Inhibit enzymes required for the production cell wall material

• Inhibit tRNA binding on ribosomes and preventing protein synthesis

Multiple Choice

Match the Sulphonamide antibiotics to their mode of action

• Competitively inhibit enzymes required for folic acid synthesis

• Prevent DNA replication by inhibiting enzymes required for DNA uncoiling

• Inhibit enzymes required for the production cell wall material

• Inhibit tRNA binding on ribosomes and preventing protein synthesis

Multiple Choice

Beta-Lactam (Penicillins) work by

• inhibiting enzymes involved in the final steps of cell wall synthesis

• inhibiting the replication of DNA within the bacterial cells

• inhibiting the folic acid synthesis pathway in bacterial cells

• prevents the continuation of protein synthesis

Multiple Choice

Select the correct definition for antibiotics.

• Chemicals which destroy bacteria.

• Chemicals which destroy fungi.

• Chemicals which destroy viruses.

• Chemicals which destroy parasites.

Multiple Choice

The transfer of genetic material from one organism to another by a genetic vector, such as a bacteriophage is the process of transduction

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

What is genetic transformation?

• A prokaryotic cell turning into a eukaryotic cell

• Foreign DNA being inserted into a plasmid

• A host organism taking in foreign DNA

• A gene being mutated

Multiple Choice

Which of the following describes a pathway through which bacterial cells can transfer genes?

• Antibiotic resistance is created when people take a course of antibiotics for a shorter time than directed by their doctor, which causes the bacteria to evolve and become stronger.

• One bacterium can infect another species of bacteria, leaving behind its plasmids.

• Small pumps inside the cell membrane move the bacterial chromosome through the membrane into a neighboring bacterial cell.

• Two bacterial cells exchange copies of their plasmids on hair-like projections.

Multiple Choice

In the Attack of the Superbugs Lab, antibiotic resistance genes were transferred through the process of transduction

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

LB containing ampicillin (2nd plate) is inoculated with the E. coli bacteria that contains ampicillin resistant gene. The bacteria will;

• Grow on the agar plate

• Will not grow on the agar plate.

• will only grow after the plate has been incubated at 45C

• will only grow after the plate has been placed in a warm water bath for 2 minutes.

Multiple Choice

What happens to the eardrum when sound hits, causing transmission of sound to the inner ear?

• it opens

• it grows hair

• it refracts the sound

• it vibrates

Multiple Choice

Which part of the ear acts as the sound collector?

• outer ear
• ear canal
• middle ear
• inner ear

Multiple Choice

What happens in the inner ear? 

• Sound waves are captured.
• Sound waves move deeper into the ear. 
• Sound waves are reflected.
• Sound waves are converted into nerve impulses.

Multiple Choice

This person has

• Mild loss in both ears

• Profound hearing loss is both ears

• Difficulty hearing low sounds in his right ear only

• Difficulty hearing high pitched sounds in both ears.

Multiple Choice

This type of vaccine uses a whole pathogen that has been weakened in order to prevent it from causing infection.

• Killed / Inactivated Vaccine

• Live / Attenuated Vaccine

• Similar Pathogen Vaccine

• Toxoid Vaccine

• Subunit / Microbial Antigen Vaccine

Multiple Choice

This type of vaccine uses a harmless version of a molecule that bacteria secrete (release) that causes disease or damage.

• Killed / Inactivated Vaccine

• Live / Attenuated Vaccine

• Similar Pathogen Vaccine

• Toxoid Vaccine

• Subunit / Microbial Antigen Vaccine

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not a type of vaccine?

• live attenuated

• innactivate

• bone marrow

• subunit

Multiple Choice

The vaccines trigger the immune system creating specific ______________ for the pathogen.

• antigens

• antibodies

• medicine

• cells

Multiple Choice

The first person to discover the vaccines was...

• Edward Cullen

• Bruce Jenner

• Edward Jenner

• None of them

Multiple Choice

Which of the following accurately describe the steps of recombinant DNA technology using bacteria?

• plasmid & genes are cut --> cut DNA joined with ligase to make rDNA plasmids --> rDNA plasmids are inserted into the bacteria --> bacteria & rDNA plasmid multiply --> bacteria are broken open & protein is collected

• cut DNA joined with ligase to make rDNA plasmids --> rDNA plasmids are inserted into the bacteria --> plasmid & genes are cut -->bacteria & rDNA plasmid multiply --> bacteria are broken open & protein is collected

• plasmid & genes are cut -->bacteria & rDNA plasmid multiply --> bacteria are broken open & protein is collected-->cut DNA joined with ligase to make rDNA plasmids --> rDNA plasmids are inserted into the bacteria

• cut DNA joined with ligase to make rDNA plasmids --> rDNA plasmids are inserted into the bacteria --> bacteria & rDNA plasmid multiply

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an enzymatic protein that acts as DNA glue?

• plasmid

• restriction enzyme

• ligase

• protein expression

Multiple Choice

What would be the first step in recombinant DNA technology from the options below?

• Restriction enzyme binds to specific nucleotide sequence on the plasmid.

• A piece of foreign DNA is inserted into the plasmid DNA.

• Restriction enzyme recognizes specific nucleotide sequence on the plasmid.

• Plasmid DNA is attached to foreign DNA by DNA ligase.

• Restriction enzyme cuts sugar-phosphate backbones on plasmid DNA.

Multiple Choice

What would be the second step in recombinant DNA technology from the options below?

• Restriction enzyme binds to specific nucleotide sequence on the plasmid.

• A piece of foreign DNA is inserted into the plasmid DNA.

• Restriction enzyme recognizes specific nucleotide sequence on the plasmid.

• Plasmid DNA is attached to foreign DNA by DNA ligase.

• Restriction enzyme cuts sugar-phosphate backbones on plasmid DNA.

Multiple Choice

What would be the third step in recombinant DNA technology from the options below?

• Restriction enzyme binds to specific nucleotide sequence on the plasmid.

• A piece of foreign DNA is inserted into the plasmid DNA.

• Restriction enzyme recognizes specific nucleotide sequence on the plasmid.

• Plasmid DNA is attached to foreign DNA by DNA ligase.

• Restriction enzyme cuts sugar-phosphate backbones on plasmid DNA.

Multiple Choice

What would be the last step in recombinant DNA technology from the options below?

• Restriction enzyme binds to specific nucleotide sequence on the plasmid.

• A piece of foreign DNA is inserted into the plasmid DNA.

• Restriction enzyme recognizes specific nucleotide sequence on the plasmid.

• Plasmid DNA is attached to foreign DNA by DNA ligase.

• Restriction enzyme cuts sugar-phosphate backbones on plasmid DNA.

Multiple Choice

Epidemiology is the

• a. study of epidemics

• b. study of bacterial infections and how they are transferred in a population

• c. study of incidence, distribution and control of disease in a population

• d. study of viral infections and how they are transferred in a population