US History SOL USII 4a-e

W.I.N.K. USII

SOL 4a-e

Post Civil War

New opportunities and advances in technology led to westward migration following the Civil War.

Why did westward expansion occur?

Reasons for westward expansion

• Opportunities for land ownership ******HOMESTEAD ACT OF 1862

• Advances in technology- The Transcontinental Railroad

• Possibility of wealth created by the discovery of gold, silver, and copper

• Adventure

• A new beginning for former slaves

The Homestead Act of 1862

Opportunities for land ownership

Technological Advances

1850-1910 Inventions

The Transcontinental Railroad

Gold Fever

1849ers

Ways American Indians were impacted by western expansion

Ways American Indians were impacted by western expansion

• American Indians opposed western expansion and thus were involved in several battles

• Forced relocation from traditional lands to reservations

• Reduced population through disease and warfare ( such as Battle of Wounded Knee)

• Lifestyle changes and assimilation attempts (reduction of the buffalo population

• The expansion reduced their homeland through treaties that were broken.

Reservations

Reasons for increased immigration

• Hope for better opportunities

• Religious Freedom

• Escape from oppressive governments

• Adventure

Immigration

Ellis Island

The Irish Potato Famine

Religious Immigration

Reasons why cities developed

• Specialized industries including steel (Pittsburgh) meatpacking (Chicago)

• Immigration from other countries

• Movement of Americans from rural to urban areas for job opportunities

Urbanization

Take Notes and complete the Worksheet

The Growth of the Cities in the Gilded Age

WESTERN EXPANSION IMPACTED AMERICAN INDIANS

WITH EXPANDED INFORMATION (4a)

Sitting Bull

The Battle of Little Bighorn

Chief Joseph

Nez Perce' Chief

"I will fight no more"

WHO WERE SOME OF THE INVENTORS THAT CONTRIBUTED TO GREAT CHANCE AND INDUSTRIAL GROWTH

• Lighting and mechanical uses of electricity- Thomas Edison

• Telephone service-Alexander Graham Bell

Rapid industrialization and urbanization led to overcrowded immigrant neighborhoods and tenements.

What were some of the efforts to solve immigration problems?

• Settlement houses, such a Hull House founded by Jane Addams

• Political Machines that gained power by attending to the needs of new immigrants

• 
  

What were two of the major challenges faced by cities during this time period?

• Tenements and ghettos

• Political corruption

Who faced discrimination?

• immigrant (Irish, Chinese, Jewish, Italian, Polish, etc.)

• American Indians were NOT considered citizens until 1924 when the Indian Citizen Act was passed. *ODD because they were born in the USA

African American Segregation and Discrimination

• Segregation

• Jim Crow

• African American Response

Segregation

Discrimination against African Americans continued after Reconstruction. While segregation was usually based upon race and directed primarily against African Americans, other groups were kept segregated.

"Jim Crow"

"Jim Crow" laws institutionalized a system of legal segregation. "Jim Crow" laws were passed to discriminate against African Americans. These laws made discrimination practices legal in many communities and states. "Jim Crow" laws were characterized by unequal opportunities in housing work, education, and government.

African American Response

Who believed that equality could be achieved through vocational education? (Hint- He accepted social separation)

Booker T. Washington

Who believed in full political, civil, and social rights for African Americans?

W.E.B DuBois

Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Dubois

FROM AGRICULTURE TO INDUSTRY

Farm to Factory -Between the Civil War and WWI, the United States was transformed from an agricultural to an industrial nation.

POSTWAR CHANGES IN FARM AND CITY LIFE

• Mechanization had reduced farm labor need and increased production.

• Industrialization development in cities created increased labor needs

• Industrialization provided access to consumer goods (e.g., the use of mail order)

Factors Resulting in Growth of Industry

• Access to raw materials and energy

• Availability of workforce due to immigration

• Inventions

• Financial resources

Reasons for the rise and prosperity of Big Business

• National market were created by transportation advances

• Lower-cost production (cost less to make)

• Advertising

• Captains of industry

Examples of Big Business

• Railroads

• Oil

• Steel

• 
  

List of Products for the "Captains of Industry"

• John D. Rockefeller-OIL

• Andrew Carnegie- Steel

• Cornelius Vanderbilt- Shipping and railroads

John D. Rockefeller

"You dig through rock to hit oil"

Andrew Carnegie

Steel

Cornelius Vanderbilt

Shipping and railroads

Negative effects of Industrialization

• Child labor

• Low wages, long hours

• Unsafe working conditions

Child labor

Rise of Organized Labor

• Formation of union-growth of American Federation of Labor

• Strikes- Aftermath of Homestead Strike

Homestead Strike

Progressive Movement- Workplace Reforms

• Improved safety conditions

• Reduced work hours

• Placed restriction on child labor

The Progressive Movement

for the workers

Women's Suffrage -VOTE

• Increased educational opportunities