👀 A&Physio U1 Digestion Test Review

Physio U1 Homeostasis & Digestion

👀 Test Review

You're on the right "tract"

to show what you know!

A Tale of Processes

Physiology and Homeostasis

What is Physiology?

Anatomy vs. Physiology

Multiple Select

One way to describe Physiology:

Physiology is about about __ and __.

^{[ Also consider which of these work for anatomy :) ]}

• What

• When

• Where

• How

• Why

Fill in the Blank

Another way to describe physiology:

Physiology is about function.

Anatomy, in comparison, is about ___.

Multiple Select

Which of these is one example of applying anatomy knowledge?

• Monitoring someone's changes during exercise

• Building robots with joints based on human joint components

• Studying someone's brainwaves while they sleep

• Studying how drugs affect the body

What is Homeostasis?

Where we work best

Multiple Select

Click all that are true about Homeostasis.

• Regulates only the body's temperature

• Allows body processes to keep functioning by maintaining optimal conditions

• Recognizes a change in the body and acts to return the body to normal

• Protects enzymes from breaking down

• Recognizes a change in the body and acts to encourage that change

Open Ended

What are three conditions of the body that Homeostasis works to keep constant?

^{(Note: This won't grade your answer or give you feedback - so make sure you are checking your notes to see if you are correct!)}

The Must-Knows of Digestion

The Essential Bits

Solids, Liquids,

and Wastes!

Oh my!

_{Solids vs. Liquids? NO!}

Solids AND Liquids!

• Both solids and liquids are ingested

• Both solids and liquids have them same path and experiences

• Both solids and liquids are broken down from polymers into monomers by enzymes

• Both solids and liquid monomers are absorbed (if they can be) to be used in metabolism

• Both solids and liquids leave behind wastes containing undigested, unabsorbed materials in the DT

• Both solids and liquid wastes in the DT exit as feces!

Multiple Select

What are the three main waste products of the body?

• Feces

• Urine

• Carbon Dioxide

• Sweat

Multiple Select

What are the two main METABOLIC waste products of the body?

• Feces

• Urine

• Carbon Dioxide

• Sweat

Multiple Select

Which waste product is produced by Protein Metabolism in the liver?

• Feces

• Urine (Urea)

• Carbon Dioxide

• Sweat

Multiple Select

Which waste product is produced by Glucose Metabolism in general cells?

• Feces

• Urine (Urea)

• Carbon Dioxide

• Sweat

Open Ended

Explain why urine is:

A. Yes, a waste product

B. No, not a waste product of the digestive system

C. Not "extra" to keep until we no longer need it, or have too much

^{(Note: This won't grade your answer or give you feedback - so make sure you are checking your notes to see if you are correct!)}

Fill in the Blank

The digestive tract is lined with ____ tissue.

A Girls Gotta Eat!

(Guys too)

Biology 1 will

Haunt You

Forever

Bwahahahaha!

Polymers Just

Want to Have Fun

And by fun, we mean

be ripped to shreds!

Open Ended

Name the three types of polymers we care most about for digestion.

^{(Note: This won't grade your answer or give you feedback - so make sure you are checking your notes to see if you are correct!)}

Fill in the Blank

The monomers of proteins are ___.

^{(NOTE: I'm not going to ask here about the other two macromolecules, but you still need to know their monomers!)}

Fill in the Blank

The specific substance an enzyme acts on is called its __.

Some enzymes in the DT have

act on similar things!

• Salivary Amalyse and Pancreatic Amylase...?

• Pepsin, Trypsin, and Peptidase...?

• Lipase...?

• Maltase and Lactase...?

Multiple Select

Three enzymes that act on proteins in the DT are...

• Typsin

• Lipase

• Peptidase

• Maltase

• Pepsin

Multiple Select

Two enzymes that act on starches in the DT are...

• Pancreatic amalyze

• Lipase

• Salivary amalyse

• Maltase

• Lactase

Multiple Select

Two enzymes that break down sugars in the DT are...

• Peptidase

• Lipase

• Bile

• Maltase

• Lactase

Open Ended

Explain why a large amount of surface area is essential for both enzyme action AND absorption in the DT.

^{(Note: This won't grade your answer or give you feedback - so make sure you are checking your notes to see if you are correct!)}

We're Going on an Adventure!

The Mouth

Fill in the Blank

In the mouth, digestion of carbohydrates begins. Salivary amylase acts specifically on what type of carbohydrate?

Fill in the Blank

Salivary amylase works best in the mouth, where the pH is...

We're Moving Right Along

The Esophagus - and Muscles!

Fill in the Blank

What do we call the materal that leaves the mouth and enters the esophagus? This is a mix of food/drink and saliva.

Multiple Select

Which are true about the process shown in this picture?

• Occurs throughout the DT

• Uses skeletal muscle

• Named peristalsis

• Uses smooth muscle

Three types of muscles are...

All muscles have four shared characteristics. These are:

• The ability to respond to stimuli: Called...?

• The ability to shorten forcefully: Called...?

• The ability to stretch: Called...?

• The ability to return to their original shape and length: Called...?

Multiple Choice

When you lift a heavy dumbbell for Bicep Curls, your biceps are best demonstrating which property of all muscles?

• Excitability

• Contractility

• Extensibility

• Elasticity

Multiple Choice

When you allow your arms to go limp in bed, this might be best demonstrating which property of all muscles?

• Excitability

• Contractility

• Extensibility

• Elasticity

Open Ended

Smooth muscle has the following characteristics. Explain each of them!

A. Usually involuntary

B. Nonstriated

C. Can undergo hypertrophy

D. Cell division?

^{(Note: This won't grade your answer or give you feedback - so make sure you are checking your notes to see if you are correct!)}

Churning, churning, churning;

We just keep on churning along!

The Stomach

Gastric juice contains...

• Mucus, which....?

• Hydrochloric acid, which both kills bacteria AND ____?

• _______, and enzyme which breaks down...?

Multiple Choice

The sphincter between the esophagus and the stomach is called the...

(Also study what we call the one between the stomach and SI!)

• pyloric sphincter

• anal sphincter

• gastroesophageal sphincter

• gastroduodenal sphincter

Multiple Choice

What is the other function of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?

• break down lipids

• break down proteins

• activate pepsin

• break down carbohydrates

• activate trypsin

Open Ended

Explain why starches do not continue to breakdown in the stomach.

^{(Note: This won't grade your answer or give you feedback - so make sure you are checking your notes to see if you are correct!)}

On a Long Trip, its Nice to Have Friends!

The Small Intestine & Its Helpers

And what, per se, is happening here?

Okay, get ready for a longer

(but wonderfully helpful)

video...

Just wanted to prepare you!

And what, per se, is happening here?

Fill in the Blank

What do we call the material that that enters the SI from the stomach?

Multiple Select

Which is the last section of the SI?

• Duodenum

• Ileum

• Jejunum

• Colon

Multiple Choice

What do we call the tiny fingers on the small intestine folds that increase surface area to increase absorption?

• Villi, with their own microvilli

• Rugae

• Stratified columnar cells

• Simple columnar cells

• Epithelial cells

Multiple Select

What three enzymes are produced by the Small Intestine itself???

^{(remember to study what they each do!)}

• Maltase

• Trypsin

• Lactase

• Pepsin

• Peptidase

Multiple Select

What three enzymes are contained in pancreatic juice?

^{(remember to study what they each do!)}

• Lipase

• Trypsin

• Lactase

• Pancreatic amylase

• Peptidase

Multiple Choice

True or False: Lipid digestion begins for the first time in the Small Intestine.

• True

• False

Multiple Select

Which are true of Bile?

• Produced by liver

• Produced by pancreas

• Contains enzymes that break down lipids into monomers

• Acts to emulsify lipids (breaking into smaller chunks)

• Some can be stored in the gallbladder til needed

Multiple Select

Epithelial cells of the SI are...

• simple squamous

• simple columnar

• stratified columnar

• simple cuboidal

• stratified squamous

Villi increase surface area for absorption, and decrease distance travelled by materials

Monosaccharides and Amino acids go into the _______?

Fatty acids and _____ go into the lymphatic system

Are we there yet???

(Oh, So very very close!)

The Large Intestine

What's Left for the LI to Do?

• Absorb water! (Feces contains ___ % water)

• Prepare wastes for elimination! (Feces contains __ % undigested materials)

Multiple Select

Which things can be found in feces? (pick many)

• Intestinal flora

• New digestive enzymes

• Undigested fiber and other material

• Water

Multiple Choice

Feces consists of mostly...

• Intestinal flora

• New digestive enzymes

• Undigested fiber and other material

• Water

And so, with sadness, we must leave you...

The Rectum and Anus

Fill in the Blank

What process moves feces along the LI and into the rectum?

Fill in the Blank

What sphincter controls the exit of feces from the body?

Ta da!

The end!