Enlightenment and Governments

Enlightenment and Governments

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​What Was the Enlightenment

• Philosophers began to use reason and logic to understand society and governments

• Start to rethink the relationship between people and governments

• New ideas about natural rights of people

• Who should rule? Best type of government​

​-Thinks people are naturally selfish and wicked

-People would always be in state of war

- Absolute Monarchy best to keep order

-"Horrible Hobbes"​

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Thomas Hobbes​

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- Thought people could govern on own

- Positive outlook on people​

- Protect natural rights of people

life, liberty, own property

-Social Contract​ - give up some freedom for protection

-Lovely Locke - lovely outlook on people​

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John Locke

• Believed the powers of government should be separated into executive, legislative and judicial branches.

  • This is to prevent any one group from gaining too much power

• “Multiple Montesquieu” due to his views of multiple branches of gov’t.

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Montesquieu

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• Believed in the right to a fair trial and freedom of religion

• Fought for freedom of speech

• Wanted individualism and people being equal and being born of equal worth.

• "Voicing Voltaire"​

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Voltaire

• Rights for those accused of a crime

• Against Death Penalty and Cruel and Unusual Punishment

• Beating Beccaria - against beat​ings and dealt with punishments

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Beccaria

• Fought for women's rights

• Women should be educated and involved in society

• Womanly Wollstonecraft

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Mary Wollstonecraft​

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Multiple Choice

Which Enlightenment thinker pushed for multiple branches of government, separation of power and checks and balances?

• John Locke

• Montesquieu

• Voltaire

• Wollstonecraft

Multiple Choice

Which Enlightenment thinker pushed for women's rights in society?

• Wollstonecraft

• Voltiare

• Beccaria

• Rousseau

Multiple Choice

Which Enlightenment thinker was a huge advocate for freedom of speech? (using your voice)

• John Locke

• Wollstonecraft

• Montesquieue

• Voltaire

Multiple Choice

Which Enlightenment thinker thought people could govern themselves and all people had 3 natural rights - life, liberty, right to own property? (so lovely)

• John Locke

• Mary Wollstonecraft

• Francis Bacon

• THomas Hobbes

Multiple Choice

Which Enlightenment thinker advocated for the rights of those accused of a crime? No more beating, torture, or capital punishment

• Benson

• Hobbes

• Beccaria

• Wollstonecraft

​Enlightenment and The Government

​Social Contract Theory

• The people and the government have a contract

• The government will protect your natural rights and safety and the people agree to follow laws​

• If the government isn't doing its job, the people have the right to overthrow it and replace it

Multiple Choice

According to the social contract theory, what should people do if the government isn't protecting their rights?

• overthrow it

• give it more power

• absolutely nothing

• write a letter with suggestions

Stirring Up Trouble

• ​Ideas about power and authority will start to cause trouble

• More people reading ideas and discussi​ng ideas on people and best governments

• Start Revolutions in US, France, Latin America

• Best form of government?

• Natural Rights?

• Who has a voice in government?

• Making society more just/f​air?

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Questioning!

Poll

Rate your understanding of the Enlightenment

• I got this

• A little confused

• Not a clue - HELP