Unit 2 Populations Review

Unit 2 Populations Review

Module 18 The Abundance And Distribution of Populations

• Levels of Complexity

• Population Density

• Population Size

• Population Distribution

• Density Dependent vs. Independent Factors

Population Distribution

Random - No Correlation

Uniform - Common in predatory birds and plants that secrete toxic chemical

Clumped - common in prey species, and plants when resources are limited

Density Dependent and Independent Factors

• Density Dependent

• Factors that depend on # of individuals - competition based factors

• Density Independent - Factors that do not depend on distribution of individuals

• Usually natural or human caused disturbances

Multiple Choice

Nesting birds often space themselves evenly from other nests. This pattern is called

• clumped dispersion.
• uniform dispersion.
• random dispersion
• scatter dispersion

Multiple Choice

What is happening at the 'A' on the graph?

• the population overshoots above the carrying capacity

• the population stops growing

• growth begins to slow down due to limited resources

• growth is speeding up due to an abundance of resources

Multiple Choice

Which factor is a density-dependent limiting factor on the population of a species?

• seasonal variation
• natural disasters
• unusual weather
• predation

Multiple Choice

A population is...

• All members of one species in one area

• All members of all species that live in one area

• All of the living and nonliving things in an area

• None of these

Multiple Choice

Which limiting factor is independent of the number of individuals in a population?

• competition
• parasitism/disease
• stress
• natural disasters

Module 19 Population Growth Models

• Exponential Growth Model

• Logistic Growth Model

• Carrying Capacity

• Reproductive Strategies

• Survivorship Curves

Carrying Capacity

• The number of individuals that an environment can sustain

• Die- Offs

• Overshoot

• Logistic Growth

Multiple Choice

________ grow slowly over time, cares for its young over a long period of time and is usually near the carrying capacity of its ecosystem.

• K-strategists
• R-strategists
• Uniform strategists
• environmentalists

Multiple Choice

__________ growth shows growth of a population under environmental constraints (carrying capacity-K) that sets a maximum population size 

• logistic
• exponential
• niche
• uniform

Multiple Choice

A species described as r-strategist would definitely NOT have which of the following characteristics?

• clumped population pattern
• much parenting
• many offspring
• random population pattern

Multiple Choice

What point on the graph represents the carrying capacity?

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

What does the graph represent?

• Emigration
• Exponential growth
• Immigration
• Logistic Growth

Module 20 Community Ecology

• Competitive Exclusion

• Resource Partitioning

• Predation

• Parasitism

• Commensalism

• Mutualism

• Keystone Species and Ecosystem Engineer

Competitive Exclusion

• Happens when one species outcompetes another for a shared resource

Resource Partitioning

• When a resource is divided based on differences in behavior or morphology

• Example - Woodpeckers

Multiple Choice

A species that plays a far more important in its community than its relative abundance might suggest.

• Keystone Species

• Pioneer Species

• Indicator Species

• Exotic Species

Multiple Choice

When two species of cattails are grown together, they grow at different water depths and coexist.  When grown alone, they grow at similar water depths.  Which of the following is best demonstrated by the data?

• natural selection
• character displacement
• resource partitioning
• ecological succession

Multiple Choice

Type of symbiosis: Skunks often live in burrows that have been dug and abandoned by woodchucks.

• commensalism

• mutualism

• parasitism

• predation

Multiple Choice

What type of symbiosis?  Hummingbirds feed on nectar from flowers.  The flowers are pollinated by hummingbirds as they move from flower to flower.

• commensalism
• mutualism
• parasitism
• predation

Module 21 Ecological Succession

Primary Succession

Secondary Succession

Pioneer Species

Climax Community

Island Biogeography

Multiple Choice

What is the term that describes a steady and stable community?

• peak community

• turf community

• climax community

• disturbed community

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the correct order of ecological succession?

• grass - shrubs - lichens - trees

• lichens - shrubs - grasses - trees

• lichens - grasses - shrubs - trees

• grasses - lichens - shrubs - trees

Multiple Choice

What is an example of an area that is likely to undergo primary succession?

• Glaciers melt and leave exposed rock

• Plants die from drought and decompose

• Land is bulldozed and soil remains

Multiple Choice

Primary succession occurs in an area that has:

• Has Soil

• Has No Soil

• Has Some Soil

• none of these

Multiple Choice

___ are the first organisms to colonize an area and begin the process of ecological succession.

• foundational organisms

• introductory organisms

• primary organisms

• pioneer species

Module 22 Human Population Numbers

• Immigration vs. Emmigration

• Births vs. Deaths

• Population Math Equations

• Fertility and Mortality Rates

• Age Structure Diagrams

• Aging and Disease

Population Math Equations

• Population Growth Percent (Immigration + Births) - (Emigration + Deaths) / Total Population

• or (CBR - CDR) / 1000 = decimal x 100 = %

• Doubling time = Rule of 70 

• Exponential Growh

•  $P_{ }=P_i\ e\ ^{\left(rt\right)}$  

• Crude Birth and Death Rates = (# of Births or Deaths) / Total Population x 1000

Age Structure Diagrams

• Help demographers make predictions

• Show the % of a population at different age groups

Terms to Review

• Replacement Level Fertility - the fertility rate required to replace a population. Different for developed vs developing countries

• Total Fertility Rate - estimated # of children each female will have in a population

• Life Expectancy

• Infant and Child Mortality

Multiple Choice

Which of the following pairs of indicators best reflects the availability of health care in a country?

• Crude death rate and growth rate

• Crude death rate and crude birth rate

• Growth rate and life expectancy

• Infant mortality rate and life expectancy

• Infant mortality rate and crude death rate

Multiple Choice

A particular country has a Total Fertility Rate equal to replacement level fertility and emigration equal to immigration. Which of the following must be true?

• The population will begin shrinking within ten years, based on the Rule of 70.

• The population must be stable.

• The population will begin growing as soon as TFR = 2.1.

• Infant mortality must also be less than Crude Death Rate.

• There is not enough information to tell.

Multiple Choice

Using the rule of 70, a population growing at 10% would double in

• 7 years

• 10 years

• 17 years

• 15 years

• not enough information to tell

Multiple Choice

Which of the following countries best exemplifies phase 4 of a demographic transition?

• Argentina

• China

• India

• Mexico

• Japan

Multiple Choice

A metropolitan region of 100,000 people has 2000 births, 500 deaths, 200 emigrants, and 100 immigrants over a 1-year period. Its population growth rate is

• 1.2 percent.

• 1.4 percent

• 1.6 percent.

• 1.8 percent.

• 2.0 percent.

Module 23 Economic Development, Consumption and Sustainability

• The Demographic Transition

• Family Planning

• IPAT Equation

• Local vs. Global Impacts

Multiple Choice

Little medical care, no birth control, children seen as an asset, plagues and famines are characteristics of stage

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

Multiple Choice

Continued medical advancements, enhanced welfare provisions, economic independence of women, and improved access to contraceptives is seen in stage

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

Multiple Choice

This stage is characterized by: rapid population increase, declining CDR, and high CBR.

• Stage 1
• Stage 2
• Stage 3
• Stage 4

Multiple Choice

The IPAT equation was developed to estimate

• the affluence of a country's population
• the rate of demographic transition
• the impact of human lifestyles on Earth
• the gross domestic product o a country

Multiple Choice

According to the population pyramid of this country, its population is most likely...

• growing slowly.
• growing rapidly.
• decreasing.
• not changing.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following characteristics are typical of developed countries?

I High technology use

II Low GDP

III Small-scale sustainable agriculture

• I only

• II only

• I and III only

• II and III only

• I, II and III

Multiple Choice

An island of the coast of Costa Rica where 500 birds of a particular species live. Population biologists determined that this bird population was isolated with no immigration or emigration. After 1 year the scientists were able to count 60 births and 10 deaths.

EQUATIONS:

Doubling time = 70/Growth rate %

Rate of change = (present population - (past pop/past))/time * 100

Growth Rate = r = (CBR-CDR)/10

The doubling for this population would be...

• 10 years

• 13.3 years

• 24.2 years

• 63.6 years

• 126 years