Industrial Revolution Grade 9

Industrial Revolution

Grade 9

• What was the Industrial Revolution

• Industrial Revolution, in modern history, the process of change from an agrarian and handicraft economy to one dominated by industry and machine manufacturing

• This process began in Britain in the 18th century and from there spread to other parts of the world.

• Goods that had been crafted by hand started to be produced in mass quantities by machines in factories

Causes of the Industrial Revolution

The agricultural revolution

• The agriculture revolution increased the population size and contributed to a healthier population

• Less demand for agricultural workers

• High unemployed population seeking jobs in city

The age of exploring and colonising

• In the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries a European-wide market emerged. Britain colonies several countries which produced new market and raw material which fueled the Industrial revolution,

• They got a lot of cotton from the Colonies.

• The discovery of massive deposits of gold and silver in the New World also increased capital and accumulation.

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Cottage industry

• Early 18th century British industries were generally small scale and relatively unsophisticated. Most textile production, for example, was centred on small workshops or in the homes of spinners, weavers and dyers: a literal ‘cottage industry’ that involved thousands of individual manufacturers.

• Such small-scale production was also a feature of most other industries, with different regions specialising in different products: metal production in the Midlands, for example, and coal mining in the North-East

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Cottage Industries challenges

• Because there were limited sources of power, industrial development during the early 1700s was initially slow. Textile mills, heavy machinery and the pumping of coal mines all depended heavily on old technologies of power: waterwheels, windmills and horsepower were usually the only sources available

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Changing from cottage industries

• Changes in steam technology, however, began to change the situation dramatically. As early as 1712 Thomas Newcomen first unveiled his steam-driven piston engine, which allowed the more efficient pumping of deep mines. Steam engines improved rapidly as the century advanced, and were put to greater and greater use. More efficient and powerful engines were employed in coalmines, textile mills and dozens of other heavy industries. By 1800 perhaps 2,000 steam engines were eventually at work in Britain

The spinning wheel

• The cloth industry was the first business to change because people all over the world wanted to buy more wool and cotton cloth. Workers who made cloth at home could not make enough cloth with the spinning wheel. 

• The spinning wheel could only spin one thread at a time. About 1764 a machine call the spinning jenny was invented. It was a machine that could spin up to eight threads at one time and the worker turned the wheel by hand. 

How did Great Britain natural resources contributed to the Industrial Revolution

• Great Britain had many natural resources. Great Britain had a lot of iron, coal, rivers, and steams. Iron was needed to make machines. Rivers and streams were needed to provide water power to run the machines and to move the final products to market. Sheep were plentiful in Great Britain for wool cloth.  

• And they got a lot of cotton from the Colonies.

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  Great Britain was in a good location geographically. Goods could move to and from many other lands easily by sea. Also, Great Britain had many harbors that ships could carry goods to other countries for trade.

Developed bank system

• A fourth reason that the revolution began in Great Britain was the banking system was so much more developed. The banking system helped people have more money. Rich merchants used their money to buy machines, build factories, and build large ships to take goods to far-off places. Not only the availability of money but slave labor in plantation economies brought more than a century of exceptional capital accumulation. 

• This helped to spread the revolution

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Steam engine- James Watt

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  The steam engine helped to power the Industrial Revolution. Before steam power, most factories and mills were powered by water, wind, horse, or man. Water was a good source of power, but factories had to be located near a river. Both water and wind power could be unreliable as sometimes rivers could dry up during a drought or freeze during the winter and wind didn't always blow

Multiple Choice

Which decade do historians agree on as the start of the Industrial Revolution?

• 1760

• 1991

• 1840

• 1710

Multiple Choice

What country did the Industrial Revolution actually begin in?

• China

• Jamaica

• United States

• The United Kingdom

Open Ended

What was the Enclosure Movement?

Multiple Choice

What new source of power helped to drive the Industrial Revolution?

• Water

• Steam

• Wind

• Horse

• Nuclear

Multiple Choice

What was the drawback of using a river as power for a factory?

• Unreliable

• The factory had to be near a river

• Rivers could freeze

• Rivers could dry up

• All of the above

Multiple Choice

What do steam engines boil to create steam for power?

• Water

• Gasoline

• Oil

• All of the above

• None of the above

Multiple Choice

What was an advantage of steam power?

• It was free

• Factories could be located anywhere

• It used the wind

• All of the above

• None of the above