Roman Republic

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Rome

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city on the coast of the Italian peninsula next to the Tiber River

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republic

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A form of government in which the citizens elect representatives to govern them

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12 Tables

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Rome's first code of written laws, kept in the Forum for everyone to see

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Roman Senate

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a council of wealthy and powerful Romans that advised the city's leaders

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plebeians

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common people

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patricians

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powerful landowning nobles; could be elected to offices; held all political power

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Julius Caesar

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Roman general who became the republic's dictator in 45 B.C.

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Punic Wars

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A series of three wars between Rome and Carthage, a city in northern Africa, Rome won giving them control of the Mediterranean Sea

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empire

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land with different territories and peoples under a single rule (Octavian/Augustus)

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Augustus Caesar

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Julius Caesar's great-nephew, Octavian; first emperor of Rome