Dipine is effective in dilating blood vessels.

"Dipine dilates vessels fine" means that medications ending in "-dipine" are used to widen blood vessels.

Zosin aids in opening arteries.

"Zosin makes arteries open" indicates that drugs with the suffix "-zosin" help in relaxing and opening arteries.

Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor that binds to AT receptor sites, causing narrowing in blood vessels.

This leads to increased vasoconstriction and elevated blood pressure (BP).

Angiotensin II signals adrenal glands to release aldosterone.

Aldosterone increases sodium and water retention, which raises blood volume and further increases blood pressure.

Key function of Angiotensin II in regulating blood pressure.

It vasoconstricts blood vessels and expands blood volume to drive up blood pressure.

Drugs that end with the suffix "-pril" are classified as ACE inhibitors.

Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor that blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II.

This mechanism of action helps in managing conditions like hypertension and heart failure by relaxing blood vessels and reducing blood pressure.

Adverse effects of Lisinopril include cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema, hypotension, and renal impairment.

Patients should be monitored for these side effects, and healthcare providers should be informed if they occur.

Lisinopril is indicated for hypertension, heart failure, post-myocardial infarction (MI), and diabetic nephropathy.

These conditions benefit from the blood pressure-lowering and protective effects of Lisinopril on the heart and kidneys.

Nursing considerations for Lisinopril include monitoring blood pressure, potassium levels, and renal function.

Patients should also be warned about the potential for cough and angioedema as side effects.

Chemical structure of Lisinopril or related molecular diagrams.

The diagram represents the chemical structure of Lisinopril, which is essential for its function as an ACE inhibitor.

Lisinopril: Mechanism of Action

Lisinopril inhibits the conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II by blocking the action of ACE (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme). This leads to reduced vasoconstriction, decreased aldosterone secretion, and lower water retention, ultimately reducing blood pressure and increasing blood flow to the nephron.

Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs)

Medications that commonly have the suffix "-sartan."

Losartan's mechanism of action (MOA): Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) that leads to vasodilation and decreases aldosterone levels.

Losartan works by blocking angiotensin II receptors, causing vasodilation and reducing aldosterone secretion.

Adverse effects of Losartan include hyperkalemia, dizziness, hypotension, and renal dysfunction.

Common side effects of Losartan are hyperkalemia, dizziness, low blood pressure, and kidney issues.

Indications for Losartan: Used to treat hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, and heart failure.

Losartan is prescribed for managing high blood pressure, diabetic kidney disease, and heart failure.

Nursing considerations for Losartan: Monitor blood pressure, potassium levels, and renal function. It can be an alternative for patients who experience cough with ACE inhibitors.

When administering Losartan, monitor BP, potassium, and kidney function. It is a good alternative for those intolerant to ACE inhibitors due to cough.

Flowchart illustrating the ARB Mechanism of Action

ARB (Angiotensin Receptor Blocker) Mechanism of Action involves blocking the angiotensin receptor, preventing vasoconstriction and aldosterone secretion. This leads to reduced blood pressure and improved blood flow to the nephron.

Beta Blockers are also known as beta adrenergic antagonists.

These are medications that typically have the suffix "-lol" in their names.

Caution when using beta blockers with albuterol.

Albuterol is a beta agonist, and its effects may counteract those of beta blockers.

Carvedilol: Mechanism of Action (MOA)

Non-selective beta and alpha-1 blocker, leading to decreased heart rate (HR) and decreased afterload.

Adverse Effects of Carvedilol

Bradycardia, hypotension, dizziness, heart block, and fatigue.

Indications for Carvedilol

Used for heart failure, hypertension, and post-myocardial infarction (post-MI).

Nursing Considerations for Carvedilol

Monitor heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and blood glucose. Taper the medication slowly to prevent rebound effects and chest pain.

Monitoring Heart Failure with Carvedilol

Check for fluid overload by monitoring daily weight to ensure heart failure is not worsening.

Atenolol is a Beta-1 selective blocker that decreases heart rate (HR), contractility, and cardiac output.

Mechanism of Action (MOA): Beta-1 selective blocker – decreases HR, contractility, and cardiac output.

Adverse effects of Atenolol include bradycardia, fatigue, hypotension, and masking of hypoglycemia.

Adverse: Bradycardia, fatigue, hypotension, masking hypoglycemia.

Atenolol is indicated for hypertension, angina, post-myocardial infarction (MI), and arrhythmias.

Indications: Hypertension, angina, post-MI, arrhythmias.

When using Atenolol, monitor heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP). Use caution in patients with asthma or COPD.

Nursing: Monitor HR/BP; caution in asthma/COPD (less than propranolol).

Propranolol is a non-selective beta-blocker that blocks beta-1 and beta-2 receptors.

Mechanism of Action (MOA): Non-selective beta-blocker – blocks beta-1 & beta-2 receptors.

Adverse effects of Propranolol include bronchospasm, bradycardia, hypotension, and depression.

Adverse Effects: Bronchospasm, bradycardia, hypotension, depression.

Propranolol is indicated for hypertension, angina, arrhythmias, migraine prophylaxis, and tremors.

Indications: Hypertension, angina, arrhythmias, migraine prophylaxis, tremors.

Propranolol should be avoided in patients with asthma or COPD, and heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) should be monitored. The medication should be tapered gradually.

Nursing Considerations: Avoid in asthma/COPD; monitor HR, BP; taper gradually.

Propranolol crosses into the brain better and helps with stage fright.

Additional Note: Propranolol crosses into the brain better and helps stage fright.

Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are associated with the suffix "-dipine" for dihydropyridine (DHP) CCBs.

Non-dihydropyridine (Non-DHP) exceptions include diltiazem and verapamil.

Mechanism of Action (MOA) of Amlodipine

Dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker – causes vasodilation.

Adverse effects of Amlodipine

Peripheral edema, flushing, headache, hypotension.

Indications for Amlodipine

Used to treat hypertension and angina.

Nursing considerations for Amlodipine

Monitor blood pressure (BP) and edema; avoid grapefruit juice.

Mechanism of Action (MOA) of Diltiazem

Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (CCB) that decreases heart rate (HR), atrioventricular (AV) node conduction, and causes vasodilation.

Adverse effects of Diltiazem

Bradycardia, AV block, edema, and constipation.

Indications for Diltiazem

Used to treat hypertension, angina, and atrial fibrillation/flutter.

Nursing considerations for Diltiazem

Monitor heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and electrocardiogram (ECG). Avoid use in severe heart failure.

Verapamil acts mainly on the heart.

Verapamil is a non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (CCB) that decreases heart rate (HR), atrioventricular (AV) conduction, and contractility.

Hypertension Drugs: ABCD Flashcards

Student preview

92 questions

Show all answers

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Hypertension Drugs: 'ABCD' - A stands for?

Back

ACE inhibitors / ARBs

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Hypertension Drugs: 'ABCD' - B stands for?

Back

Beta blockers

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Hypertension Drugs: 'ABCD' - C stands for?

Back

Calcium channel blockers

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Hypertension Drugs: 'ABCD' - D stands for?

Back

Diuretics

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Pril helps to lower blood pressure.

Back

"Pril your pressure down" indicates that medications with the suffix "-pril" are used to reduce blood pressure.

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Sartan is associated with maintaining safe arteries.

Back

"Sartan for safe arteries" suggests that medications ending in "-sartan" are used to protect arterial health.

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Olol is beneficial for an overworked heart.

Back

"Olol for the overworked heart" implies that drugs with the suffix "-olol" are used to manage conditions related to an overburdened heart.

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