Genetic Technology Flashcard

Front

Outline the steps of PCR.

Back

1. Denaturation (95°C) – DNA strands separate. 2. Annealing – Primers bind to target DNA. 3. Extension – DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA strands.

Front

Purpose of primers in PCR.

Back

Primers provide starting points for DNA polymerase to attach and begin DNA synthesis.

Front

Why Taq polymerase is used in PCR.

Back

It is thermostable and can withstand the high denaturation temperatures of PCR.

Front

Principle of gel electrophoresis.

Back

DNA fragments are placed in agarose gel; when an electric current is applied, fragments move based on size.

Front

How DNA profiling is performed.

Back

DNA is extracted, amplified by PCR, cut with restriction enzymes, and analyzed using gel electrophoresis.

Front

How reverse transcriptase is used in genetic engineering.

Back

By synthesizing complementary DNA (cDNA) from mRNA, allowing the study of gene expression.

Front

Role of promoter in gene transfer.

Back

Promoters allow RNA polymerase to bind and start transcription of the inserted gene.

Front

Role of marker genes in gene transfer.

Back

They identify successfully transformed cells by conferring traits like antibiotic resistance.

Front

How recombinant insulin is produced.

Back

Human insulin gene is inserted into bacterial plasmid → recombinant plasmid is introduced into bacteria → bacteria produce insulin.

Front

How recombinant Factor VIII helps treat hemophilia.

Back

Recombinant Factor VIII replaces the missing clotting protein, aiding blood clotting in hemophilia patients.