Genetic Technology Definitions

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Recombinant DNA

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DNA formed by combining sequences from two different species.

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Genetic engineering

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The deliberate manipulation of genetic material to modify characteristics of an organism.

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Vectors in gene technology

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DNA molecules such as plasmids or viruses that carry foreign genetic material into a host cell.

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Plasmid

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A small circular DNA molecule in bacteria used as a vector to transfer genetic material.

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Restriction endonucleases

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Enzymes that cut DNA at specific recognition sites, producing fragments.

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DNA ligase

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An enzyme that joins DNA fragments by forming phosphodiester bonds.

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Reverse transcriptase

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An enzyme that synthesizes complementary DNA (cDNA) from an RNA template.

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Promoter

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A DNA sequence where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription.

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Marker gene

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A gene inserted alongside a desired gene to confirm successful genetic modification.

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Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

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A technique used to make multiple copies of specific DNA sequences.