What did Frederick William the Great do?

made army strong, allowed different religions, making Prussia a better place.

What changes did Peter the Great bring to Russia?

Military Modernization, Economic Growth

What was Peter’s goal in going to war with Sweden? Did Peter succeed?

His goal was to get Russia's access to the Baltic Sea for trade. Yes, Peter succeeded.

What is the significance of St. Petersburg?

a symbol of Russia becoming more modern

What was the changing worldview from Middle Ages to Enlightenment?

changed from relying on religious ideas to using reason

What is the Ptolemaic Universe?

the Earth was the center of everything

the Sun was the center of everything

famous for watching the stars and planets and writing down exactly where they were

figured out the rules for how planets move

used a telescope to look at space and saw things that supported the idea that the Earth moved around the Sun

developed the laws of how things move and the law of gravity.

What was the difference between Bacon and Descartes?

Bacon believed we should learn by observing and experimenting. Descartes thought we should use logic and reason.

What is the definition of Enlightenment?

a time when people valued thinking for themselves, using reason, and believing in individual rights.

What is Skepticism and who was Pierre Bayle?

questioning whether we can really know anything for sure. Pierre Bayle was a philosopher who encouraged people to doubt and question everything.

What is Tabula Rasa, Emile?

the philosophical concept of the mind as a 'blank slate' at birth

political philosopher who is famous for his theory of separation of powers

famous for his wit, his attacks on the established Catholic Church, and his advocacy of freedom of religion.

What are Philosophes?

intellectuals and writers who championed reason, science, and secularism, and who sought to reform society and government

What was the 'Republic of Letters'?

community of scholars and intellectuals during the early modern period who communicated and shared ideas

What was the difference between Adam Smith and Mercantilism?

Adam Smith believed in a 'free market' where people decide what to make and sell without government interference. Mercantilism believed in strong government control, aiming to sell more than you buy to get rich.

meetings, often in women's homes, where educated people discussed philosophy, science, and politics

art style that was light, playful, and very decorative

What is the legacy of Enlightenment?

ideas of using 'reason' (thinking logically), respecting individual rights, and believing people should have a say in their government

What was the Enlightenment and Race?

Enlightenment thinkers talked about equality and reason, but their ideas didn't always extend to people of different races. Some challenged slavery, but others created theories that seemed to justify treating some races as inferior.

What was the role of women during the Enlightenment?

Enlightenment made people think more about women's place in society. Some thinkers argued for better education and more rights for women, but many still believed women should mainly focus on home and family.

Who was 'The Public'?

ordinary citizens, could form an opinion and have influence

What was the War of Spanish Succession?

huge war because European powers fought over who would become the next king of Spain

What was the War of Austrian Succession?

war started when Prussia took land from Austria

What was the Seven Years War?

war between Britain and France. Britain won, gaining a lot of territory

What are Enlightened Despots?

believed in ruling with reason and for the good of their people, but still held all the power

What was Pugachev’s Rebellion?

Pugachev was the leader who promised them a better life, but ultimately, the rebellion was crushed, and things got even tougher for those who rebelled.

European History Flashcards Flashcards

Student preview

45 questions

Show all answers

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What type of gov’t was dominant in Europe?

Back

absolute monarchy

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

How did plague affect serfdom in Europe?

Back

labor shortages across Europe

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Who was Suleiman?

Back

ruler of Ottoman Empire

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What are janissaries? Millets?

Back

elite royal guards, trained from a young age. religious neighborhoods within empire.

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What was the Battle of Vienna?

Back

armies teamed up to stop the Ottoman Empire

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is the Pragmatic Sanction?

Back

made by Charles VI to ensure his daughter, Maria Theresa, could become ruler of his lands

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

How successful were the Habsburgs in asserting control over Hungary?

Back

Habsburgs had only some success

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