Logical Fallacies

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Ad Hominem

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Attacking the person rather than addressing the argument. It involves criticizing the person who made the argument rather than the argument itself. Example: Saying someone's opinion is invalid because of their background rather than countering their actual points.

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The belief that something is true or good simply because many people think so.

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Bandwagon Fallacy

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Involves a conclusion that is built into and assumed by the premise.

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Circular Reasoning

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"Murder is always morally wrong. Therefore, abortion is morally wrong."

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Example of Begging the Question

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Illustration of False Cause Fallacy

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It rained because I just washed my car.

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Loaded Question

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A loaded question presupposes facts that have not been proven or makes assumptions that may not be true.

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Hasty Generalization

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Occurs when someone draws broad conclusions from a small or unrepresentative sample.

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Red Herring

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The red herring fallacy refers to introducing irrelevant information to distract or divert attention away from the actual issue or argument.

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Slippery Slope Fallacy

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Refers to a situation where a small first step leads to a chain of related events culminating in a significant negative effect.

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Straw Man

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A fallacy where an argument is misrepresented to make it easier to attack.