States of Consciousness Review Flashcard

Front

Which class of drugs is known for causing changes in perception, mood, and cognitive processes, often resulting in seeing things or having distortions of reality?

Back

Hallucinogens

Front

Compare the physiological effects of opiates and depressants. How are they similar and how do they differ?

Back

Both slow breathing and heart rate; opiates provide pain relief, depressants reduce inhibitions.

Front

Describe the main difference in the way stimulants and opiates affect the body, based on their definitions and physiological effects.

Back

Stimulants increase CNS activity and energy, while opiates cause relaxation.

Front

Which neurotransmitters are involved when alcohol is administered to mice? Options: GABA, Glutamate; Dopamine, Serotonin; Anandamide, Dopamine; Serotonin, Norepinephrine

Back

GABA, Glutamate

Front

Which neurotransmitter system does LSD (a hallucinogen) primarily affect?

Back

Serotonin

Front

Which of the following best explains why chronic alcohol use can lead to neurological syndromes? It increases dopamine release only, It inhibits glutamate and increases GABA effects, slowing brain communication, It blocks serotonin reuptake, It acts as an agonist at norepinephrine receptors

Back

It inhibits glutamate and increases GABA effects, slowing brain communication

Front

Which of the following is a common symptom of sleep apnea?
Options:
Walking or performing activities while asleep,
Loud snoring and repeated pauses in breathing during sleep,
Frequent nightmares,
Sudden muscle weakness during the day

Back

Loud snoring and repeated pauses in breathing during sleep

Front

What distinguishes night terrors from typical nightmares?

Back

Night terrors involve intense fear and physical reactions, often with no memory of the event.

Front

Which sleep disorder is characterized by uncontrollable episodes of falling asleep during the day?

Back

Narcolepsy

Front

Which of the following is most commonly associated with sleepwalking? Occurs during REM sleep, Occurs during deep non-REM sleep, Is triggered by caffeine consumption, Is always remembered by the person

Back

Occurs during deep non-REM sleep