Medieval Terms and Concepts

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Charlemagne

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A powerful king who united much of Western Europe and was crowned the first Holy Roman Emperor.

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Chivalry

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The code of behavior for knights, focusing on bravery, honor, and helping others.

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Feudalism

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A social system in the Middle Ages where people worked and fought for nobles in exchange for land and protection.

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Fief

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A piece of land given by a lord to a knight or vassal in return for loyalty and service.

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Serf

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A peasant who worked the land for a lord and was not free to leave the manor.

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Religion

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A set of beliefs about God or gods, often including worship practices and moral rules.

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Roman Catholic Church

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The main Christian church in Western Europe during the Middle Ages, led by the pope.

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Pilgrimage

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A journey to a holy place made for religious reasons.

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Apprentice

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A young person who learns a trade or craft from a master worker.

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Common Law

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A system of law based on court decisions and customs rather than written rules.