2 - Protestant Reformation Flashcards

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Protestant Reformation

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Religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church beginning in 1517. It split the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the 'protesters' forming several new Christian denominations, including the Lutheran, Calvinist, and Anglican Churches.

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Christian humanism

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Also known as Northern Renaissance Humanism, focused on sources of Early Christianity; emphasized ideas concerning Church reform and the power of education.

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Erasmus

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(1466-1536) Popularized the reform program of Christian Humanism, emphasized inner piety and criticized the Catholic Church.

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Sir Thomas More

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(1478-1535) Lord chancellor of England, author of 'Utopia', executed by Henry VIII for refusing to legitimize England's break with the Catholic Church.

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Martin Luther

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German theologian who published the 95 Theses, criticizing the Roman Catholic Church, especially the sale of indulgences, leading to the Protestant Reformation.

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Indulgences

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Pope Leo X issued the sale of indulgences to support Saint Peter's Basilica; criticized by Martin Luther in his 95 Theses.

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Nepotism

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The practice of promoting relatives into positions of power within the Catholic Church.

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Simony

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The buying and selling of church offices.

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Pluralism

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High church officials held more than one office to increase revenue, leading to absenteeism.

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Absenteeism

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Church officials responsible for multiple areas often did not perform their duties.