Web Programming Fundamentals (Weeks 1–3)

Front

What core languages are used for front-end web development, and what is the primary role of each?

Back

The structure of a web page is described using HTML (Hypertext Markup Language). The style (colors, fonts, layout, and spacing) is described using CSS (Cascading Style Sheets).

Front

What is the purpose of the declaration found at the beginning of an HTML file?

Back

It is a doctype declaration. Its purpose is to tell the web browser what version of HTML is being used, specifically indicating that the page is written using HTML 5, the latest version of HTML.

Front

If you wanted to create the largest possible heading and a paragraph of text, which tags would you use for each?

Back

The largest possible heading is created using the

tag. Paragraphs of text are created using the

tag.

Front

What is the name for the tree-like structure used to visually organize and understand the nested relationship of all HTML elements?

Back

This structure is called the Document Object Model (DOM). It describes how all of the HTML elements are related to each other, indicating which elements are nested inside others.

Front

When linking to another page, what HTML tag and essential attribute are used?

Back

To create a link, the tag (anchor tag) is used. The essential attribute is href (hyperlink reference), which specifies the page or website to link to.

Front

What two attributes are generally required for the tag, and why is the alt attribute necessary?

Back

The required attributes are src (source) and alt (alternative text). The alt attribute provides a text-based representation of the image in case it cannot be displayed (e.g., due to slow internet or errors) or when the user is utilizing a screen reader.

Front

What is "Semantic HTML," and name two tags that serve a semantic purpose in structuring a web page?

Back

Semantic HTML tags improve clarity, accessibility, and structure. They describe the meaning of the content within them. Examples include:

,

,

,

,

, or

.

Front

Name the three ways CSS styles can be applied to an HTML page.

Back

1. Inline styling (using the style= attribute directly on an element). 2. Embedded styling (using a