Cell Biology Flashcards

Front

What type of microscopy is best for studying living cells and dynamic processes?

Back

Light microscopy (particularly differential interference contrast). Electron microscopy requires dead specimens.

Front

Why can transmission electron microscopy (TEM) resolve structures as small as 2 nm while light microscopes can only resolve 200 nm?

Back

Electron beams have much shorter wavelengths than visible light.

Front

What is cell fractionation used for?

Back

To isolate organelles from cells so their biological functions can be examined separately.

Front

In what order do cellular components pellet during centrifugation (from first to last)?

Back

Nucleus → Mitochondria → Ribosomes (heaviest to lightest)

Front

What structures do both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have?

Back

DNA, ribosomes, and plasma membrane

Front

Name an organelle found in eukaryotic cells but NOT in bacteria.

Back

Lysosome (also: nucleus, mitochondria, ER, Golgi apparatus)

Front

Which organelle is found in nearly ALL eukaryotic cells?

Back

Mitochondria

Front

Do both bacteria and archaea contain DNA in chromosomes?

Back

Yes, both have chromosomal DNA (though not in a membrane-bound nucleus)

Front

Which cell structure is abundant in cells that produce secreted proteins?

Back

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER)

Front

What is the function of smooth ER?

Back

Synthesizes lipids (oils, phospholipids, steroids) and detoxifies poisons/drugs