Exam 2

Front

What is the proper positioning for an AP view in neonates?

Back

Identify proper AP (anteroposterior) view in neonates by ensuring clavicles are equidistant from the vertebral column.

Front

How can you assess penetration in chest radiographs?

Back

Adequate penetration shows the spine faintly visible through the heart shadow. Underpenetrated images show the heart as dense/white, while overpenetrated images make the lungs appear overly dark.

Front

What indicates normal lung inflation in a chest radiograph?

Back

Normal lung inflation is indicated by 8–9 posterior ribs visible above the diaphragm.

Front

Where should the tip of an Endotracheal Tube (ETT) be positioned?

Back

The tip of an Endotracheal Tube (ETT) should be 1–2 cm above the carina (T2–T3 level).

Front

What are the signs of pneumothorax in a chest radiograph?

Back

Signs of pneumothorax include a pleural line and absent vascular markings beyond it, with possible mediastinal shift.

Front

How is pleural effusion identified in a chest radiograph?

Back

Pleural effusion is identified by homogeneous opacity and blunted costophrenic angles.

Front

What is the gold standard for oxygenation and ventilation assessment?

Back

Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) is the gold standard for oxygenation and ventilation assessment.

Front

What does the A–a gradient evaluate?

Back

The A–a gradient evaluates oxygen transfer efficiency.

Front

What is the purpose of impedance pneumography?

Back

Impedance pneumography detects thoracic movement and is used in premature infants with apnea of prematurity.

Front

What is the function of pulse oximetry?

Back

Pulse oximetry measures functional oxygen saturation.