Origins of Gov't/Historical Documents #1

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an implicit agreement among people that results in the organization of society; individual surrenders liberty in return for protection

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social contract

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an autocracy governed by a monarch who usually inherits the authority, typically a king or queen rules

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monarchy

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rights that believe it is important for all living beings to have out of natural law, rights are often viewed as unalienable, meaning they can almost never be taken away. Examples include life, liberty, and happiness

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natural rights

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the authority of a state to govern another state or itself, no one else controls it

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sovereignty

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a form of government whose head of state is not a monarch or dictator but rather the citizens elect officials to represent them and run the government

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republic

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His ideas seen in the Bill of Rights including freedom of religion and press

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John Stuart Mill

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French philosopher focusing on freedom of trade/commerce and freedom of religion

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Voltaire

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French philosopher supporting the importance of a Judiciary system to the separation of powers and the importance of education in a republic

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Charles de Montesquieu

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Revolutionary who wrote Common Sense, his ideas focus on being born free and equal and political associations preserve the rights of the people

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Thomas Paine

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British philosopher expanding on the social contract idea with limited powers. He also discusses the importance of Separation of Powers, Rule of Law, and Majority

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John Locke