Chapter 5 Vocabulary

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Carbohydrates

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Organic compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, providing energy to the body.

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Monosaccharide

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The simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of a single sugar molecule like glucose or fructose.

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Glucose

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A simple sugar that is an important energy source in living organisms and a component of many carbohydrates.

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Disaccharide

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A carbohydrate composed of two monosaccharides, such as sucrose or lactose.

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Sugars

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Simple carbohydrates that are sweet-tasting and soluble in water.

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Polysaccharide

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Complex carbohydrates composed of long chains of monosaccharide units, such as starch or cellulose.

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Starch

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A polysaccharide carbohydrate consisting of a large number of glucose units, used by plants for energy storage.

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Dietary fiber

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The indigestible portion of plant foods that aids in digestion and is important for maintaining a healthy digestive system.

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Functional fiber

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Isolated, non-digestible carbohydrates that have beneficial physiological effects in humans.

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Functional food

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Foods that have a potentially positive effect on health beyond basic nutrition.