Flashcard 5 Review

Front

What does ESBL stand for?

Back

Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases, enzymes produced by some bacteria that confer resistance to a wide range of beta-lactam antibiotics.

Front

Which antibiotics are ESBLs typically resistant to?

Back

ESBLs are typically resistant to penicillins and later generation cephalosporins, but not to carbapenems.

Front

What is the significance of carbapenems in treating ESBL infections?

Back

Carbapenems are often used as a last resort for treating infections caused by ESBL-producing bacteria due to their effectiveness.

Front

What does a positive MUG test indicate in E. coli identification?

Back

A positive MUG test indicates the presence of E. coli, as it fluoresces blue under UV light.

Front

What does a negative oxidase test indicate for E. coli?

Back

A negative oxidase test (dark blue) indicates that the organism does not produce cytochrome oxidase, which is characteristic of E. coli.

Front

Why is oil added to the Decarboxylase tube before incubation?

Back

Oil is added to create an anaerobic environment, which is necessary for the decarboxylation reaction to occur.

Front

What is the purpose of Sorbitol MacConkey (SMAC) agar?

Back

SMAC agar is used to selectively isolate and identify E. coli O157:H7, which does not ferment sorbitol.

Front

What reagents are used in the Nitrate Reduction test?

Back

The reagents used are sulfanilic acid and alpha-naphthylamide, which help detect the presence of nitrites.

Front

What does lactose fermentation on MacConkey agar indicate?

Back

Lactose fermentation on MacConkey agar indicates the presence of lactose-fermenting bacteria, which produce pink colonies.

Front

What is the role of ferric chloride in biochemical tests?

Back

Ferric chloride is used to detect phenylpyruvic acid in certain biochemical tests, indicating the presence of specific bacteria.